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Charles II
Charles II was born on the 6th of November in 1661 and died the 1st of November in 1700. He was the sn of Philipe IV and Mariana of Austria. He's nickname was "The Bewitched" because of his physical and mental disordes, as a result of sexual reltionships between members of the same family generation after generation.
He died childeless and heirless. Afte his death, two dynasties (the Hasburgs and the Bourbons) claimed the throne, what led to the War of the Spanish Succession. -
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Joseph I
Joseph I, Holy Roman emperor from 1705, who unsuccessfully fought to retain the Spanish crown for the House of Habsburg.
During the war Joseph imposed the Bayonne Constitution. -
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The War of the Spanish Succession
Came out from the death of Charles II , who was the king of Spain.
War between Archduke Charles of Austria and Philip. -
New Foundation Decrees
Philip wanted to abolish those fueros in Spain. The fueros of Aragon and Valencia were abolished in 1707, also the ones in Catalonia in 1716. From now on Aragon, Valencia and Catalonia were under the laws of Castille. Also known as the Nueva Planta. -
Salic Law
This was a law brought by the Bourbons. This law said that a female couldn't be the queen, it excludes them from the line of succession). After the reign of Ferdinand VII (he had two daughters), he proclaimed a new law called Pragmatic Sanction. This new law abolish the previous one, so now his daughter Isabella could be the queen. Ferdinand's brother id not accept it so a civil war started. -
Treaty of Ultrecht
Treaty created for the end of The War of the Spanish Succession and for the peace in Europe.
It established that the Spanish and French Crowns should never united. -
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Charles III
Charles III was born the 20 January 1716 and death in 14 December 1788.
He was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies from 1759 to 1788. Then in 1731 he became the Duke of Parma and Piacenza.
In 1735 he reigned as Charles VII of Naples and Charles V of Sicily.
He did reforms such as weakening the influence of the Church, promoting science and university research. -
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Floridablanca
He was born on the 21 of october of 1728.He was a politician.He is part of the generation of politicians of Charles III, the onew who helped to modernize the Borbon Monarchy,(social, economic, polítically),introducing the reformism, a movement that wa spreading throughtout Europe.He was loyal to the King and professional, even though when he abandon his charge as a first minister.He created a famous census,one of the first been used in Europe.He helped to reform Spain.He died in december in 1808 -
The First Family Compact
France wanted Spain not to recover possessions in Italy, which Spain had in reutrn for the support given in the War of the Polish succession.
This ambition coincided with Philip´s second wife Isabel Farnese of Parma, who planned to obtain Italian Kingdoms for her two sons. This succeded and Isabel´s older son Charles (the future Chrles III) was crowned King of Naples -
The Second Family Compact
Here, Charles´s younger brother Philip, was installed as the duke of Parma and Piacenza in 1748 -
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Jovellanos
Jovellanos was bon the 5th of January in 1744, he was a writer and a politician. He represents the Spanish Enlightenment.He always had a big feeling of patriotism and a great concern on the problems of Spain.He always wanted to reofrm the institutions.After his studies of philosophy, he became the mayor of the House and Court, this allowed him to spread his thoughts.He found "El Instituto de Estudios Asturianos".He was named Minister of Justice, but he was jailed. He died in november in 1811 -
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Charles IV. Part 1
Charles IV was the King at the same time as the french revolution was taking place. Charles didn't had the qualities required to govern Spain, and secretly Godoy was ruling the country. Everyone knows that Godoy signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau, and people desacredit him. Once the royal family realises Napoleon's plans they decided to travell to the south in order prevent further evils.
They stopped in Aranjuez, where a riot takes place. -
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Charles IV. Part 2
After the riot that took place in Aranjuez, Chales abdicated on his son. Napoleon told the royal family to move to Bayonne, that he would protect them. Once there fernando VII returns the crown to his father and this abdicates in Napoleón, which cedes to him the crown of Spain to his brother Joseph I. Charles IV died in Barberini, Italia -
Canal de Castilla
The Canal of Castile is one of the most important works made in the middle of the XVIII century. It crosses part of the autonomous community of Castile and Leon. It was builded to facilitate the transport of the wheat from Castile to the ports of the north. However, with the arrival of the railway, it was soon obsolete. The idea of this channel was to serve as a way of communication and transportation that solved the problem of isolation suffered in the Castilian plateau -
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The Seven Years War
Started by Britain declaring the war to France. Meanwhile, Prussia gaining power against Austria for dominance.
The war was successful for Great Britain, which gained the increase of New France in North America, Spanish Florida, some Caribbean islands in the West Indies, the colony of Senegal on the West African coast, and superiority over the French trading routes on the Indies. -
The Third Family Compact
This third family compact was made in the middle of the Austrian War of Succession (a war in which Francia and Austria battle Britain and Prussia for colonial supremacy).Although Spain wasn't directly involve on that war, it was scare of the possibility of the British victory (what would mean the expansion of British power throughout America),so they helped France. However Britain won the war so France loses territories and gave Louisiana to Spain in order to thank their participation in the war -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris of marked the end of the 7 Years War between Great Britain and France, (as well as their respective allies)The treaty itself said that France was force to give up all their territories in mainland North America. -
Esquilache Riots
This riots took place in 1766. People weren't happy about the reforrms carried out by Charles III (like the law that said that members of the nobility could now work for a living). -
Jesuists are expelled from Spain
This event takes place when Spain was reformig the society:
Jesuists were expelled from in Spain in order to eliminate their power in education -
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Ferdinand VII. Part 1
He was twice King of Spain: in 1808 and again from 1813 to his death. Their supporters recognise him as ``El Deseado´´ as they thought he was the one chosen for restoring the monarch.
After being overthrown by Napoleon in 1808 he restore his monarchy to counter-revolution and reactionary (very consecutive) policies that marked a huge division in Spain between his forces on the right and liberals on the left. -
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Ferdinand VII. Part 2
The Bourbons brought to Spain the Salic Law (it already existed, then it dissappeared and later again appeared).
Ferdinand VII then made his Pragmatic Sanction which meant that his oldest daughter would inherit the throne and be declared queen upon his death. His brother Carlos did not accept it and claimed for his rights. Followed 100 yaers of revolutions in Spain, finished in the massive civil war in 1936-1939.
After Ferdinand´s death, liberals supported his daughter Isabaella. -
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Ferdinand VII. Part 3
The dispute between the liberals and the supporters of the old regime who backed against Ferdinand´s brother Don Carlos, brought the "Carlist Wars" -
Floridablanca's census
This was a document written by Floridablanca.It is considered as the first population census developed following the techniques of modern statistics.It was written on the basis of the questionnaires sent to the intendants of several provinces of the kingdom in order to fix each population of the zone.In 1786,mayors of various populations had to indicate the personal circumstances(sex, age...)of all the inhabitants under responsibility.The census showed 10268110 inhabitants throughout the country -
Execution of Luis XVI
Louis had previously attempted to escape from France in June 1791 to gain support for the re-establishment of the old regime.
Louis was arrested, prison with his family and condemned to death by a slight majority.
His execution made him the first victim of the Reign of Terror. His wife Marie Antoinette was guillotined on 16 October, the same year. -
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War of the Pyrenees
After the execution of Louis XVI, the idea of revolutions were spreading and spain was scared of those ideas. Spain allied with Britain (its traditional enemy) in order to be able to face France, the country that embodies all the possible evils. France started the war with the idea of ending with the spanish monarchy and to spread the revolution to spain. Th french army was penetrating the north of spain. In 1975 they sign a treaty called the Treaty of Basle. -
Treaty of Basle
This treaty ended the War of the Pyrenees. this treati said that France would retire from the Pyrenees but spain had to give France the half of the Caribbean Island of Santo Domingo (what nowadays is Haití) -
Treaty of San Ildefonso
Signed between Spain and the First French Republic
This agreement was based on France and Spain will become allies in order to fight against Britain -
Cathedral of Notre-Dame
The Notre Dame Cathedral started to be built in 1163, being one of the firsts gothic cathedrals with its sculptures and stained glass windows show the heavy influence of naturalism -
Napoleon is crown as emperor
The ceremony took place in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris.
At the ceremony, Napoleon surprised everyone by not allowing the Pope to crown him. Instead, he placed the crown on his own head, and then crowned Josephine Empress.
A few months later, on May 26, 1805, Napoleon crowned himself again, this time with the iron circlet that symbolized the rule over all of Italy. -
Manuel Godoy
Born in May 12, 1767, Castuera, Spain and died in October 4, 1851, Paris, France.
Spanish royal favourite and twice prime minister, whose disastrous foreign policy contributed to a series of defeats that culminated in the abdication of King Charles IV and the occupation of Spain by the armies of Napoleon Bonaparte. -
Battle of Trafalgar
Charles IV, with a corrupt government headed by Manuel Godoy, inclined to France and joined her in the wars against the European coalitions. The Spanish fleet shared in the defeat of the French by Nelson at Trafalgar -
Treaty of Fontainebleau
This treaty was sign in the french city of Fontainebleau. This treaty, signed by France and Spain, stipulated the war between France and Spain against Portugal (Napoleon order that no one could trade with Britain but Portugal refuse to follow his orders, thats why the french army wanted to start a war with Portugal). It also stipulated that Spain should led French army cross through Spanish territory in order to reach Portugal. -
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The Peninsular War. Part 1
After the execution of the French King, Spain joined the first coalition of powers against the french revolutionary regime. The next 12 years Charles IV, with a government headed by Godoy, kowtowed to France. Napoleon gained personal ascendancy over charles IV and over his son Ferdinand, heir to the throne and the hero of the Spanish people. Napoleón thought it would be easy to conquer Spain. -
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The Peninsular War. Part 2
In 1807, Spain joined an invasión of Portugal,whose ports were still open to British ships and so caused a leak in Npoleon's plan. Within amonth Lisbon was taken by the French. Naoleon made Charles and Ferdinad abdicate their right to the throne.He placed his brother Joseph I. Charles and Ferdinand were detained in Bayonne. Napoleon had mistaken spanish people feelings. They rose against the invaders. Napoleon's tropos were defeated. This led to the first constitution -
First Constitution
It is the first liberal constitution in Spain. Approved the day of San Jose (thats why it is known as "La Pepa"). It was enacted by the Cortes Genrales in Cádiz Its validity was scarce, two years after it was passed, during the Liberal Triennium and a few months in 1836. It was the model that the liberals followed in the American colonies that became independent of Spain in the first third of the nineteenth century. -
Riego's Pronunciamiento
Rafael del Riego was a liberal politician. This militar uprising took place in a Sevillian town called Las Cabezas de San Juan. He restore the constitution, although it lasted three years until he was hanged in the Plaza de la Cebada in Madrid. With his uprising the period called Trienio Liberal begins. The Trienio Liberal was a period where the liberals ruled the country in a democratic way (1820-1823). -
Congress Of Verona
The Congress of Verona. Thei Quadruple Alliance as well as the powers that formed part of the Holy Alliance, Russia, Austria and Prussia decide to restore absolutism in Spain, giving the mandate to France for invade Spain and finish with the Trienio Liberal. In 1823 took place the invasion of Spain from them one hundred thousand sons of San Luis, penetrating with low resistance to Cadiz. After the invasion was achieved the restoration of Fernando VII in absolute power. -
Cien Mil hijos De San Luís
After the Congress of Verona celebrated in 1822, France sends troops to defeat the little resistance that was left in Cadiz, in order to restore fernando VII like an absolute monarch -
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Isabella II
She was the daughter of Ferdinand VII and maria Cristina.She was aconstitutional monarch. Isabebel had the support of two liberal political parties: The moderate liberal party and the progressive party. During her reign several constitutions were proposed and military participated in politics. She married Francisco de Asís. She had sexual relationships with many men. The people hated her, so she was overthrown after the military rebellion (Glorious Revolution) in 1868.She went to exile in France -
Ferdinand VII (1st period)
Restoration of absolutism:
He abolished the constitution of 1812 and ruled as an absolute monarch. -
Ferdinand VII (2nd period)
The liberal period:
In 1820 Riego made a pronunciamiento as a result the king restored the Constitution
The liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by colonel Rafael de Riego against the absolute monarchy of King Ferdinand VII .
It ended in 1823 when, with the supervision of the crowned heads of Europe, a French army invaded Spain and reinstalled the King's absolute power. This invasion is known as the "Spanish Expedition". -
Ferdinand VII (3rd period)
Th victory of absolutism:
In 1823 Ferdinand asked the Holy Alliance to assis aiming to restore absolutism. -
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Carlists Wars
The Carlist Wars were a series of civil wars that took place in Spain during the 19th century. The population fought to establish their claim to the throne. -
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First Carlist War
It was a fought between supporters of the regent, Maria Christina, acting for Isabella II of Spain, and those of the late king's brother, Carlos V. The Carlists supported return to an absolute monarchy. -
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Amadeus of Savoy
He was the second son of King Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy and king of Spain from 1870 to 1873.
He reigned for few years due to both republicans and Carlists rejected him. -
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Second Carlist War
A short civil war fought majorily in Catalonia by the Carlists under General Ramón Cabrera against the forces of the government of Isabella II, also it spread out through Galicia.
It is though that the main purpose of this war was to facilitate the marriage of Isabella II with the Carlist ruler, Carlos VI, which was supported by the moderate party and by the Carlists. The marriage never took place, as Isabella II was wed to Francisco de Borbón. -
Glorious Revolution
Isabella II was destroying the relationship between politicians and monarchy that was traditionally carried out. The progresists, democrats, the Unión Liberal, and some of the most important militars were against to the ideas of the queen. This led to the battle of Puente de Alcolea where the navy led by Topete ( an almirant). Topete win the battle and the queen was forced to to go to exile in France. A provisional government is stablished by Juan Prim and Francisco Serrano. -
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Third Carlist War
During this conflict, Carlist forces managed to take control over the most important towns in Spain. The Carlists proclaimed the restoration of Catalonian, Valencian and Aragonese fueros (the ones which were abolished by Philip V)
The Carlist pretender went into exile in France, in result, the liberals won. -
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First Republic
After Amdeo's abidaction , on february eleventh 1873, the Cortes proclaimed the Republic. Theres a succession of conflict: The third Charlist War (1872-1876), Cuabn War (1868-1878) and the Cantonal Revolution will be followed by a political inestability. In january 1874 thel General Pavía made a coup d'etat in favor of general serrano. In December the general martinez Campos will uprise in favor of the borbonic restoration of Alfonso XII, ending up the Sexenio Democrático (1868-74) -
Abdications of Bayonne
The Abdications of Bayonne is the name given to a series of forced abdications of the Kings of Spain that led to the Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814), which overlaps with the Peninsular War. -
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Cuban War
The Cuban war was a military conflict between Cuba and Spain in the middle of the XIX century. The war was divided into four different stages: ten Years War (1868-1878), Little War (1879-1880), Independance Cuban War (1895-1898), Hispano-American War (1898). Cuba ask for more autonomy but Spain refuse to do it. The United States enter in the war protecting Cuba starting a conflicto that spain wasn't able to win. All the spanish colonies remaning strted being influenced by United States
