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325
First Council of Nicea
The Council of Nicea was a council of bishops convened in Nicea by the Roman Emperor Caesar Flavius Constantine I in AD 325. Their main achievements were to settle the Christological issue of the nature of the Son and God and his relationship to God the Father. They defined the relationship between the Father and Son as "one substance", affirming the Trinity, Father, Son and Holy Spirit were listed as three co-equal and co-eternal people -
451
Council of Chalcedon (AD 451)
The Council of Chalcedon was a church council that was held from October 8 to November 1, AD 451. It was held in a city in Asia Minor and it led to significant developments in Church practices and organisations. The ruling played a pivotal role in clarifying the nature of Christ and the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity. The council was also the foundation for the "Great Schism" an event which also changed the foundation and fundamentals of Churches. -
Jul 16, 1054
East- West Schism AD 1054
The East- West Schism also referred to the Great Schism was a significant event which precipitated the final separations between the Eastern Christian Churches and the Western Churches. On July 16th, 1054, Cardinal Humbert, legate of Pope IX, strode into the Cathedral of Hagia Sophia and declared Constantinople, Michael Cerularius to be excommunicated. The embodiment of the two churches were divided and wasn't able embrace the spirituality and faith of god as one. -
Oct 5, 1346
The Black Death (1346 - 1353)
The Black Death, was one of the most devastating pandemics in history. The event resulted in an estimate of 75 to 200 million deaths in the range of 7 years. During this period of time, God was the most influential and imperative figure for people to follow and worship. When the plague arrived people believed it was a punishment from God, thus they went to seek support from priests and bishops. Despite this, there was no cure or even an explanation and the Church began to lose its influence. -
Dec 24, 1517
Martin Luther's Publication of 95 Theses (1517)
Martin Luther born in Eisleben, Germany, 1483, was one of the most significant figures throughout the church history who sparked a revolution for the Church's ability to define true Christian practice. His 95 Theses propounded two central beliefs; that the bible is the central religious authority, and humans may reach salvation only by their faith and not their deeds. As he gained more supporters known as "protestants" he was able to divide the Catholic Church and change the Christian practice. -
Dec 24, 1545
The Council of Trent (1545 - 1563)
The Council of Trent, held in Italy, 1545 to 1563, was a significant event for the Roman Catholic Church. It was an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church and it was essential for sweeping decrees on self-reform and for its dogmatic definitions that distinguished every doctrine contested by Protestants. It was responsible for trying to stop the spread of Protestantism throughout the Church, referred to the Counter-Reformation. It was successful and it revolutionised the Church practice. -
Dec 24, 1555
Peace of Augsburg (1555)
The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty between Charles V and the forces of Schmalkadic Leauge. After the Reformation, within the Holy Roman Empire, each prince had to determine whether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in their lands. Dissenters were allowed to emigrate to regions which accepted the religion they wanted to embrace and support. Furthermore, people (bishops, abbots, archbishops etc) who became protestants after 1522 were to forfeit their office and incomes. -
The First Vactican Council (1869 - 1870)
The First Vactican Council, 20th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church was convoked by Pope Pius XI to deal with the more contemporary problems. The council also played a huge role in shaping the foundation of the Church's practice and organisation.The Church dealt with contemporary problems ranging from; liberalism, rationalism and materialism. Other than that, the council also defined the Catholic doctrine and explore the dogma of papal infallibility. -
The Second Vatican Council (1962 - 1965)
The Second Vatican Council, 21st ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church was convened by Pope John XXIII and continued under Paul VI. It's purpose was spiritual renewal of the church and reconsideration of the position of the Church currently throughout our society and communities. One of their aims that they announced was to consider the reform of the liturgy, primarily to bring the layman into closer participation in the Church services. -
Excommunications Lifted
Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Anthengoras, finally lift the excommunications which were held from 1065 by Cardinal Humbert, legate of Pope IX and Constantinople, Michael Cerularius. From that day onwards, they endeavoured to achieve unity, peace and faith as one throughout all of the Christian community and ignore the wrong doings from the past.
