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Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution is described as the largest and most successful slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere. Slaves started the rebellion in 1791 and by 1803 they had succeeded in their ending of not just slavery but French control over the colony. -
Latin American Wars of Independence (South, San Martin)
The Latin American Wars for Independence were a turbulent time for these former Spanish colonies. It began when Napoleon Bonaparte dethroned Ferdinand and replaced him with his brother. This lead to a weakening of Spanish power in Latin America and a surge of support for independent republics. -
Mexican War of Independence
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest, launches the Mexican War of Independence with the of his Grito de Dolores, or “Cry of Dolores,” The revolutionary act, so-named because it was publicly read by Hidalgo in the town of Dolores, called for the end of 300 years of Spanish rule in Mexico, redistribution of land, and racial equality. Thousands of Indians and mestizos flocked to Hidalgo’s banner of the Virgin of Guadalupe, and soon the peasant army was on march to Mexico City. -
Greek revolution
he 1821 revolution saw the creation of the Greek national state and the emergence of a strong Greek sense of national identity. Professor Vrasidas Karalis explores the political and historical significance of the revolution of 1821 and its relevance to our contemporary times.The Revolutionaries themselves stated in their declaration of independence that they were fighting for liberty, equal rights and human emancipation. -
Brazilian Independence
In 1820, Portugal experienced the Constitutional Revolution, which was to begin by the liberal constitutionals. This revolution led to the Constituent Assembly’s meeting and deciding to create the first constitution of the Kingdom and to demand the return of King Dom João VI from Brazil. The assembly is also known as the Cortes. On 26 April 1821, the king left Brazil in the hands of his son, the newly elected Prince Regent, Dom Pedro, and returned to Portugal. -
Latin American Wars of Independence (North, Simon Bolivar)
Simon bolivar was a revolutionary who freed six countries, an intelligent who argued the problems of national liberation, a general who fought a war of a never ending violence. Many Spanish Americans wanted him to be their dictator, their king; but some considered him as a traitor, and others tried to assassinate him. -
Romanticism
Romanticism, first defined as an aesthetic in literary criticism around 1800, gained momentum as an artistic movement in France and Britain in the early decades of the nineteenth century and flourished until mid-century.With its emphasis on the imagination and emotion, Romanticism emerged as a response to the disillusionment with the Enlightenment values of reason and order in the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789. -
German Unification
integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France. Princes of the German states gathered there to proclaim Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor after the French capitulation in the Franco-Prussian War.Unification exposed tensions due to religious, linguistic, social, and cultural differences among the inhabitants of the new nation, suggesting that 1871 only represented one moment in a unification processes. -
Italian Unification
The movement to unite Italy into one cultural and political entity was known as the "Risorgimento". The Risorgimento was an ideological and literary movement that helped to arouse the national consciousness of the Italian people, and led to a series of political events that freed the Italian states from foreign domination and united them politically.
