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1243
Indulgences (Pre-Preformation)
The Church sold indulgences to people to take their money so that they could build St. Peter's Basilica. They told people that buying these indulgences would allow them to skip over purgatory and go straight to Heaven. In reality, the Bible never said anything about this, making the Church more corrupt.
Martin Luther and Reformation -
1285
Eyeglasses (Inventions)
Salvino D'Armate accidentally discovered eyeglasses when he blinded himself while messing around with light refraction. He realized objects were magnified when using two pieces of glass rather than one. Eyeglasses helped people use both of their hands while also being able to see.
https://www.smore.com/d7u9v -
1285
Corruption (Pre-Reformation)
Martin Luther thought the church was corrupted. The church would sell church positions to people not necessarily believing in the faith. These people buying the positions didn't work for it, they just wanted positions of power.
Martin Luther and Reformation Powerpoint -
1301
Papal Schism (Protestant Reformation)
When the king tried to tax the French clergy, the pope was arrested for threatening to excommunicate him and was released later on. Then, the Church headquarters was moved from Rome to Avignon and many believed the church was controlled by the French kings. After six popes in Avignon, the papacy was moved back to Rome. The French cardinals didn't like the new Roman popeso they elected a different one. Later on, the Church council elected a third one.
Martin Luther and Reformation Powerpoint -
1308
Dante: The Divine Comedy (Literary Works)
Dante wrote a three-part poem over the course of many years, 1308 to 1321. The three parts are the Inferno, The Purgatorio, and Paradiso. This poem shows the journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Divine-Comedy -
1392
The Canterbury Tales (Literary Works)
These are stories of the travels to the Tomb of St. Thomas Beckett in Canterbury, England, told by the 29 pilgrims on that trip. St. Thomas was murdered by King Henry II's followers. This incident occurred because there was an argument regarding the power of the church.
Artistic Movements of the Renaissance Powerpoint -
Period: 1400 to
Fashion and Clothing (Daily Life)
People didn't bathe that often, and only washed their hair two to three times a year. In some places, peasants weren't allowed to wear fur, only nobles could. Being pale was considered fashionable because it meant you didn't labor outside. Women would often wear hats or veils to avoid tanning.
Life During The Renaissance Powerpoint -
Period: 1400 to
Food (Daily Life)
Peasant food was made up of leftover food, with grains and vegetables. They ate cheaper bread, called black bread. Near the coast, more fish was available, but they didn't have much meat in their diets. Merchants and nobles had more expensive foods with more flavor and decoration. They had desserts when peasants didn't. Water wasn't safe to drink, so they usually drank wine and beer.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mona-Lisa-painting -
Aug 1, 1401
Giulio de'Medici (Patrons of the Arts)
Raphael painted a portrait of Giulio de'Medici when he became Pope. Rapael created many beautiful buildings with their patronage, which allowed him to teach students.
http://www.history.com/topics/medici-family -
1405
The Book of the City of Ladies (Literary Works)
This book went against regular "rules" in their society. Christine de Pizan wrote a book arguing that women could do everything that men could do, a very controversial concept at the time. She argued that women could do anything that men could do if they were given equal opportunities in both education and in the job world.
Artistic Movements of the Renaissance -
May 12, 1432
Jan van Eyck (Renaissance Art/Artists)
Jan van Eyck was a Netherlandish painter born before 1395. van Eyck made oil painting more popular in this era and perfected it. His most famous paintings were painted in the last decade of his life. Jan's paintings are known for their incredible detail and their realistic qualities. His most well known piece is in a cathedral in Ghent, an altarpiece called The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb, created in 1432
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jan-van-Eyck -
Jan 28, 1434
The Arnolfini Portrait (Renaissance Art/Artists)
The Arnolfini Portrait is a painting pained in 1434 by Jan van Eyck. This oil painting was painted on an oak panel to depict a marriage scene. This painting is often analyzed because it has so much hidden content.
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/jan-van-eyck-the-arnolfini-portrait -
1478
Simony (Pre-Reformation
Simony is when a church will sell church official positions. This occurred in the Catholic Church during the Renaissance. Church offices would be sold to wealthy noblemen so that they could have a higher status in the church. -
Sep 21, 1481
Lorenzo Medici (Patrons of the Arts)
Lorenzo Medici commissioned Leonardo da Vinci, allowing art to spread and become more popular. da Vinci approached Medici for help, and upon receiving that help, he created one of the most famous paintings in history, The Last Supper.
http://biography.yourdictionary.com/cosimo-de-medici -
Dec 23, 1489
Trade (Daily Life)
Trade helped spread the Renaissance to other parts of Europe and surrounding areas. Florence, Venice, China, and Mongolia were the main trade centers at this time. Turkey and sweet potatoes were new imports at these trade centers. Trade started growing in the late 1400s and early 1500s.
Life During The Renaissance Powerpoint -
Jul 15, 1495
The Last Supper (Renaissance Art/Artists)
The Last Supper is a fresco-secco mural painted from 1495-1498. This painting is biblically accurate scene, showing the apostles reacting to Jesus' words with Jesus breaking the bread in the middle. The apostles are separated into groups of threes, symbolizing the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/early-europe-and-colonial-americas/renaissance-art-europe-ap/a/leonardo-last-supper -
1500
Microscope (Scientific Discoveries)
The microscope is an instrument reinvented by Zaccharias Jannsen during the Renaissance. This device was and still is used to help people see objects too small for the naked eye. This helped science move forward by allowing scientists to observe smaller objects.
https://www.smore.com/qf3zj -
Nov 22, 1501
David (Renaissance Art/Artists)
David is a 17 foot statue made from marble. Michelangelo created this statue to symbolize David from the Bible. It was unveiled in the Piazza della Signoria on September 8, 1504.
http://www.accademia.org/explore-museum/artworks/michelangelos-david/ -
Jul 2, 1503
Mona Lisa (Renaissance Art/Artists)
Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci in 1503. The painting is constantly going under investigation because of her unknown identity and her facial expression. This painting influenced what other artists painted their subjects in, and became the gold standard for future portraits.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mona-Lisa-painting -
Oct 31, 1517
Luther's 95 Theories (Protestant Reformation)
In 1517, Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the Wittenberg Castle church. These theses explained his problems with the Catholic Church. His main points included disliking simony and selling indulgences. Martin believed that the Bible should be accessed by anyone who wanted to read it. This move kick started the Protestant Reformation.
http://www.history.com/topics/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses# -
Jun 15, 1520
Pope Leo X's Papal Bull (Protestant Reformation)
In 1520, Pope Leo X released a papal bull warning people against following Luther's teachings. This bull was an announcement to tell people that if they followed Luther's teachings, they would be excommunicated from the church. This papal bull says that they reject all of Luther's work, saying that it's untrue.It also states that if Luther recants, he can rejoin the church with no further punishment.
Reformation Unit Assignments -
1543
Heliocentric Solar System (Scientific Discoveries)
Nicolaus Copernicus came up with the idea for the Heliocentric Solar System, the idea that all the planets revolved around the Sun, rather than the Geocentric Solar System, the idea that everything revolved around the Earth. He wasn't believed and was shunned from society.
https://www.smore.com/ra4zs-heliocentric-solar-system -
The Scientific Method (Scientific Discoveries)
Galileo created the Scientific Method, a method that scientists use to test out hypotheses. Galileo used this theory to prove and disprove his theories, and it's been used and refined ever since. -
Adding Machine (Inventions)
Blaise Pascal inventing the adding machine in 1642. He built 50 different versions of this machine in total. The adding machine had turn dials that would turn to the designation number in a box small enough to carry. This helped people do bigger math problems faster.
https://www.smore.com/p8dnq -
The Parachute (Inventions)
Lenormand made the first practical parachute in 1783. Da Vinci created a sketch with a triangular canopy rather than the standard round. Parachutes were originally meant for safety reasons, but now they've been expanded into activities such as skydiving.
https://www.smore.com/781mu
