Renaissance and Reformation Timeline

The Pope

Feb 21, 1059

The pope was the center of the catholic church. Was considered to never be wrong, people who couldn't read the bible listened to his interpretation. First pope was elected in 1059.

Cosimo de Medici is Born

Apr 10, 1389

Cosimo de Medici was an Italian politician and a member of a wealthy merchant family. He was the richest man of his time and was also a patron of the arts.

Daily Life: Education

Feb 16, 1400

Education focused on around the humanities, which were grammar, history and art and other topics such as math. Mostly only upper-class children were educated, sometimes a talented lower-class child was allowed to attend.

Daily Life: Food

Feb 21, 1400

Food during the renaissance was different for the different social classes. For peasants, food consisted of black bread and soup, and they had very little meat. If they lived by the coast they could get fish. For Merchants and Nobles, their meals consisted of large feasts with sweet foods such as fruits for dessert. At large parties, they would have game birds such as swan.

Daily Life: Partner Dancing at Dinners

Feb 21, 1400

A new type of entertainment at dinners and parties was partner dancing. After meals, people would couple up and dance to music. There were several different types of dances to music such as quickstep.

Johannes Gutenberg: The Printing Press

Feb 23, 1440

The printing press was a very influential invention of the renaissance. Prior to its creation, almost every literary work was handwritten. The printing press also allowed for Luther's 95 theses to spread quickly across Europe.

Lorenzo de Medici is Born

Jan 1, 1449

Lorenzo (Lord Farquad) was the grandson of Cosimo de Medici. He followed in his grandfather's footsteps by becoming both a politician and a wealthy patron of the arts. He become a patron in 1469 when he inherited all of his dad's art after his death.

Martin Luther is Born

Nov 10, 1483

Martin Luther is considered to be the father of the reformation. He was a monk who was openly opposed to church practices such as the selling of indulgences. He began to gather followers after he posted his 95 theses on the Wittenberg door.

Selling of Indulgences

Period: Feb 17, 1490 to Feb 17, 1517

Indulgences were pieces of paper that were sold by the Catholic church. The Catholic Church told people that they would be saved if they bought them. They could be bought to free dead loved ones from purgatory.

Simony

Period: Feb 17, 1490 to Feb 17, 1517

Prior to the reformation, the Catholic Church allowed people to buy their way into the clergy. Wealthy people would pay to become a cardinal rather than starting at the bottom and working their way up in ranks.

The Last Supper

Feb 14, 1495

The Last Supper was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci between 1495-1498. It pictured the last meal Jesus had with his followers before he was arrested.

Statue of David

Feb 14, 1501

The Statue of David was created by Michelangelo between 1501 and 1504. It features the biblical character David.

Mona Lisa

Feb 14, 1503

The Mona Lisa was a portrait painted by famous Renaissance artist, Leonardo Da Vinci. It was commissioned by a wealthy couple celebrating the completion of their home and the birth of their second son. The exact date is unknown.

Sistine Chapel

Feb 14, 1508

The ceiling of The Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo. It took him 4 years to finish it, he finished it in 1512. He painted it lying on his back, the paint falling into his eyes caused him to go partially blind.

Leonardo Da Vinci: Designs for a Flying Machine

Feb 23, 1509

Between 1452 and 1509 Leonardo Da Vinci worked on designs to create a human-powered flying machine. From these designs, he actually attempted flight and succeeded with his later models.

The Prince: Machiavelli

Feb 21, 1513

The Prince was a book by Machiavelli that explained his political ideas on how rulers should lead. He described the difference between being feared and being loved and which one is best or whether or not both are necessary.

Martin Luther's 95 Theses

Oct 31, 1517

Martin Luther posted on the Wittenburg door his 95 theses. These were his ideas on what he believed was wrong with the church and what needed to be changed. With the help of the printing press, his theses were spread all across Europe.

Martin Luther's Marriage

Jun 13, 1525

In the summer of 1525, Martin Luther was married to a former nun named Katherina Von Bora. According to church laws, it was illegal for any clergy member to marry. Because of this, his marriage was opposed by the church.

The Last Judgement

Feb 14, 1535

The Last Judgement was painted by Michelangelo between 1535 and 1541. It is a fresco on the altar wall of Sistine Chapel.

Copernicus: Heliocentric Universe

Feb 21, 1543

Prior to Copernicus' discovery in 1543, everyone believed that the earth was at the center of the universe and that every other celestial body orbited around it. His theory was banned because it went against the ideas of the church at the time.

Galileo: Paving the Way for Gravity

Feb 21, 1589

Prior the Isaac Newton's discovery of gravity in the summer of 1665, Galileo conducted experiments that would help Newton when he began his work. These experiments included working with pendulums and experimenting with falling objects. these experiments took place around 1590.

William Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet

Feb 21, 1597

Romeo and Juliet was one of Shakespeare's many plays. It describes the forbidden love and tragic death of a young man and woman who are from feuding families. It takes place in Italy and was published in 1597.

William Shakespeare: Macbeth

Feb 23, 1606

Macbeth tells the dramatic story of an ambitious Irish warrior who works his way up in the ranks and is close in line to being king. He kills the king and frames the king's children in order to take the throne. Macbeth's choices come back to haunt him in the end and he is killed by one of his former friends. The play version of Macbeth was first performed in 1606.

Galileo Galilei: Telescope

Feb 23, 1609

The telescope was originally designed to be a children's toy. Galileo realised that with improvement, it could be used to observe the heavens. He improved it in ways such as creating his own lenses and used it to observe the planets.

Galileo: Heliocentric Universe

Feb 21, 1610

In the early 1600s, Galileo discovered evidence for Copernicus' Heliocentric model of the universe. He did so by using his telescope. His evidence included that Jupiter had moons that orbited around it instead of orbiting around the earth. His ideas also went against the teachings of the church, which got his books and researched banned. He was also put under house arrest after being tried for heresy in 1610.

Citations

Feb 27, 2017

Moser's Notes
Reading and Review WS
Textbook
http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/awakening101/leonardo.html
http://www.shakespeare-online.com/keydates/playchron.html
http://www.inventionware.com/renaissance-inventions/
http://www.livescience.com/55230-renaissance.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo's_Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa_experiment