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Carrie A. Nation
Nation was a ruthless woman who didn't let her gender to stop her during the temperance movement. She fought against alcohol consumption and saloons. This passionate reformer would smash down saloons and she was event sent to jail for destruction of property. After her release, she picked up her job from where she left it. She inspires a few other women to fight for what's right and she even helped a few women's organization. She was out for the bad. -
Homestead Act of 1862
Male citizens could own land in the West. The untouched land caught the government's eye and promoted white men to claim it. It accelerated settlement in the Western territory. -
Andrew Johnson's Presidency / 13th Amendment
Johnson becomes president and changes the original plan of Reconstruction. He authorized white Southerners to create their own government. Also ordered that all the land in the hands of the government should be returned to its previous owners. The 13th abolished slavery in all states but labor was still allowed in a form of punishment for a crime. This resulted in many freedmen who knew very few skills but wanted jobs. Northerners had to compete for job availability; this impacted the economy. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment extended full citizenship to all African-Americans. States could not deny any person "life, liberty or property without due process of law". Johnson opposed that this was changing the Constitution. He did not like the idea that Southern States were not being represented when this was amendment was being proposed. Once his veto was over ruled, the South was divided into five military districts. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment guaranteed voting rights to African-Americans. No matter the color, race, or previous title, all men could be elected into public office. Democrats opposed and gave birth to poll taxes. If they didn't have the money to vote, they didn't have the education to vote either. Gave hope to African-Americans that one day they'd be able to vote despite how much schooling they received. -
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The Age of Imperialism
This was a period of colonial expansion by European powers through diplomacy and military power. American thought of Imperialism to be the Gilded age continued. Some goals of Imperialism included: an increase in trade, improve military strength, and culture superiority. Some important people included: Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, and William Randolph Hearst. -
Panic of 1873
Financial Crisis that triggered depression in United States and Europe. People assumed the money printed during the war would last. Pro use of silver (coinage act of 1873). Jay Cooke Company handled war time loans; invested in railroads and couldn't pay debt. NY Stock Exchange shut down fro 10 days. In total, 15,000 businesses went bankrupt. -
Whiskey Ring 1875
A group of whiskey distillers wanted to illegally obtain money by deception. This occurred soon after Grant's second presidential term in office. The money would be distributed among politicians, gov't agents, distillers. Treasurer Bristow arrested the distillers. -
Civil Rights Act 1875
Also known as the Enforcement or Force Act. This allowed African Americans to be treated equally. They could now serve on juries and receive equal treatment in public transportation. "Equality of all men before the law". -
Chinese Exclusion Act
It was the first law that restricted immigration into the United States. It was signed by President Arthur. For ten years, the Chinese weren't allowed to come unless they had proof of existing family or job. The gov't hoped this would ease the worker demands because to many people are wanted jobs. -
Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
It's also known as the General Atollment Act. This act reduced the tribes' ability to live their traditional lives. Tribes were separated so they wouldn't remain strong through numbers anymore. It turned Natives into farmers and landowners by giving them other families and 160 acres of farm land -
Ghost Dance
By performing this dance, they thought their dead ancestors would rise and make the droughts and whites disappear and make the bison appear. A religious movement many Natives believed in. Leader was Wovoka or Jack Wilson ("wood cutter"). -
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The Progressive Era
The Progressive Era was a time where Americans were realizing the affects of the Gilded Age, the negative component of it. The people were becoming aware of the changes that needed to occur. For example, women deserved suffrage and all of the worker's working condition needed to improve immensely. "The Jungle" and the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire encouraged people to take action and ask for reform in the country. -
The Sherman Antitrust Act
The Sherman Antitrust Act limited anti competitive practices like cartels and monopolistic corporations. It was the first Federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices. It wasn't as successful as they hoped it would be. Rather it only affected Labor Unions for a few years. I guess the public did not want to be protected from a failing market. -
McKinley Tariff
Tariffs are taxes placed on foreign goods by federal governments. By placing taxes on foreign goods, these products become more expensive. American consumers generally opposed it, as prices increased for goods. The McKinley Tariff increased tariff rates almost 50% on average for many American products. This tariff had a dramatic effect on Hawaii because import rates on foreign sugar rose and the sugar planters in Hawaii were being undersold. -
Teller Amendement
The Teller Amendment was an amendment to a joint resolution of the United States Congress, enacted on April 20, 1898, in reply to President William McKinley's War Message. It placed a condition on the United States military's presence in Cuba. was an amendment to the U.S. declaration of war against Spain stating that no one country should permanently control the island of Cuba even after the Spanish-American war ended. US promised Cuba that they could be governed by their own people. -
Annexation of Hawaii
The U.S. Senate ratified the treaty on February 6, 1899, by a margin of only one vote. The McKinley Administration also used the war as a pretext to annex the independent state of Hawaii. In 1893, a group of Hawaii-based planters and businessmen led a coup against Queen Liliuokalani and established a new government. Annexing Hawaii would extend US territory into the Pacific and it highlighted resulted from economic integration and the rise of the United States as a Pacific power. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt was America's 26th President from 1901-1909 after President McKinley was assassinated. People referred to him as "trustbuster", even though that was exaggerating it, because he just wanted to control the amount of power trusts and monopolies had. However, people thought that he was out to kill their money. He had to choose the betterment of the nation over personal gain and let people call him "trustbuster" -
The Triangle Shirtwaist
The triangle shirtwaist factory fire is labels as an industrial disaster. On March 25, 1911, women were tapped inside a factory building when a fire burst out because their bosses thought it was unnecessary and too expensive to have unlocked doors and fire escape routes. Women jumped out the window from a tall height just to be rip the net and be crushed. 71 were injured and 146 were killed. Everyone was effected and it raised a lot of anger within the women's families. Reform was needed. -
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was invited to watch his troops on maneuvers. He knew the dangers but he continued to go to his trip. He had been attacked before. After the attack, the the PM of Serbia told the Austria-Hungarian government that he was unable to hand over these three men as it "would be a violation of Serbia's Constitution and criminal in law". Three days later Austria-Hungarian declared war on Serbia. -
Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmerman Telegram was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico. It was significant to the history of World War I because it forced United States President Woodrow Wilson to reverse his initial position on American involvement in the European conflict and commit the United States to the war against Germany. It said that if Germany went to war with US, G would help Mexico recover land. -
United States Declares War on Germany
On 31st January, 1917, Germany announced a new submarine offensive. Wilson responded by breaking off diplomatic relations with Germany. The publication of the Zimmerman Telegram, that suggested that Germany was willing to help Mexico regain territory in Texas and Arizona, intensified popular opinion against the Central Powers. Still avoiding alliances, war was declared against the German government (rather than its subjects) -
The Armistice
The Armistice - an agreement to stop fighting - was signed between France, Britain, and Germany on 11th November 1918, bringing four years of fighting in the First World War to an end. World War I came to an end following the signing of an armistice between the Allies and Germany that called for a ceasefire effective at 11 a.m.– it was on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. Germany was in a strong positions and expected to win the war but were thrown off by this Armistice. -
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Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after The New Negro, the 1925 anthology edited by Alain Locke. The Harlem Renaissance helped to redefine how Americans and the world understood African American culture. It integrated black and white cultures, and marked the beginning of a black urban society. -
Palmer Raids
The Palmer Raids were a series of raids conducted in November 1919 and January 1920 during the First Red Scare by the United States Department of Justice under the administration of President Woodrow Wilson to capture and arrest suspected radical leftists, mostly Italian and Eastern European immigrants and especially anarchists and communists, and deport them from the United States. -
Garvey Conference
Marcus Garvey was a controversial figure because he was an activist who built the largest black nationalist organization called the UNIA but used white people to support his organization. He accepted memberships and funds from white people and justified himself by saying their contribution is necessary to bring success to the group. He calls the negros “hopeless” without their money. Having his group run by white peoples money still gives them dominance over blacks. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment is ratified, granting women the right to vote. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Women who had become politically active through their work in the abolitionist and temperance movements.omen who had become politically active through their work in the abolitionist and temperance movements. Important figure: Susan B. Anthony -
Beginning of WWII
Many of the world's countries formed two opposing military alliances: the Axis power and the Ally powers. On September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland. Then two days later, Britain and France declared war on Germany; this marked the beginning of the World War ll. A few causes were the Treaty of Versailles and the German wanting revenge, the failure of appeasement/failure of the League of Nations, economic imbalances, Japanese expansion, fascism, and the Nazi Party. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
America did not want to be involved in the war but they were left no choice when there was an attack on Pearl Harbor. The US had a very strong naval impact in their army and the Japanese bombed the area for 2 reasons: (1) the Japanese had limited supplies so this was the closest and important place to attack and (2) hitting the naval base would give them a time advantage because the US wouldn't attack until after the restored their base so the Japanese could be more prepared. -
V.E (Victory in Europe)Day
Berlin was surrounded and Hitler committed suicide and Donitz became the successor. He negotiated with the Allies to bring the war to an end. The document of surrender was signed by General Jodl and it came into effect the next day. In Europe, it became a national holiday. They celebrated it with parades, thanksgiving services, and street parties. Churchill addressed the people with the great news but also said not all the war was complete because Japan still had to be defeated. -
US Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki
On August 6, 1945, America dropped the world's first deployed atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima, Japan. This attack wiped out 90 percent of the city! Then on August 9, 1945, America dropped another atomic bomb over the city of Nagasaki, Japan. Japan's emperor Hirohito could not bear the deaths of any more Japanese people and surrendered in a radio address on August 15, 1945
