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Compulsory Education Laws Begin
This is what is today the law requiring students under 18 years old to attend school. At the time, however, the student's ages were restricted to ages 8 to 14, later changed to any student under the age of 18. In both time eras, however, a fine to the parents of the student would be issued of the student failed to show up to class a certain amount of times. -
Changing Labor Force
Due to a majority of the men overseas fighting in WWII, many women began to get jobs. While most jobs were taken in factories, some women went on to pursue a college degree. Using said degree, few women became doctors and lawyers in "a man's career." -
Inner City Neighborhoods
The inner city is stereo typically (and generally) some of the worst school systems in America, containing high drug usage, drop out rates, and extreme poverty. The inner city is generally the "hardest" schools are to teach, resulting in high teacher turnover. -
Single Mothers
The rise of single mothers (predominantly in black households) caused a change in family structure, where the mother needed to act both as the mother and father. Though other races have a rising number of single mothers, it is nowhere near the levels that blacks show. Some researchers believe the high single-parent household among blacks is one of the reasons why black students do worse in school compared to their peers. -
Women's Degrees
Women made up a minuscule 1% of all medical and law degrees in 1970, resulting in the stereotype that these difficult career paths are "male careers." Though at the time many women stayed out of these areas (and in college in general), the number of highly prestigious degrees are on the rise. Currently, more women are getting college degrees than men. -
Comprehensive Child Care
This bill would have given quality child-care services to any family who wanted them, however, President Nixon vetoed it. This resulted in backlash from liberals, but praise from the conservatives. -
Welfare Reform
Due to strict limits and conditions of eligibility for welfare, millions of women were sent to the workforce. This resulted in a growing deficit in the number of available daycare spaces. Due to shortages in available spaces, daycare prices soon began to rise, putting single mothers further into poverty. -
21st Century Community Learning Centers
The government provides it's first federally funded out of school programs, giving help to millions of low-income students. Though high-SES students were able to join these programs, it helped lower-SES students much more. -
Equity Gap
Though both high and low income students lose about two months worth of math knowledge over summer, only low income students lose two months worth of reading over the summer. High-SES students, on the other hand, appeared to have gained reading knowledge over the summer, even when not studying it. -
The Equity Shift Emerges
The "safety and supervision" ideology is soon turned to the Academic Enrichment Bill that is otherwise known as "No Child Left Behind." Years later, when President Obama came into office, a new bill was introduced, known as "Race to the Top." -
California's ASES
The After-School Education and Safety Program Act is an act that provides funding towards after-school activities to help students stay safe and "off the streets" during non school hours. This brought much needed help to many inner-city students who found it difficult to stay off the streets. -
Child Care and Development Black Grant Act (CCDBG)
Subsidized support for quality child-care and after school care for low-income families. This allowed for much cheaper child-care, giving financial relief to lower-SES families. -
After School Division is Created
The After School Division, otherwise known as ASD is created as a part of a blueprint for "great schools" -
Quality Improvement in Expanded Learning
After School Division (ASD) releases a field-informed vision for expanded learning and a strategic plan -
Quality Standards
Quality Standards for Expanded Learning in California are adopted; Governor Brown signs SB 1221 into law creating a new program requirement to implement a CQI process.
