Major Ethical Philosophies

Confucius (551-479 BCE)

551 BCE

The Chinese scholar, teacher and political figure Confucius was also known as Kong Qui or K'ung Fu-tzu. The Analects preserved his teachings focused on the creation of ethical models of interaction between the family and the public and the development of educational standards. Confucius focuses primarily on ethics and morality. He teaches people in a clear way about goodness, empathy, devotion, compassion and honesty.

Socrates (470-399 BCE):

470 BCE

Socrates was a scholar, writer, and philosopher who was born in ancient Greece. The basis for Western systems of logic and philosophy was the Socratic method. Socrates argued that philosophy would achieve concrete results in order to improve the well-being of society. Ultimate wisdom comes from self-knowledge. The more a person knows, the greater his or her ability to reason and make choices that bring true happiness.

Plato (427-347 BCE)

427 BCE

Starting in his early youth, he was intrigued by political affairs. Beginning from his interaction with Socrates, and from his own point of view, he had come to a certain belief in the correct qualifications for those individuals who possessed both intellectual and ethical qualities, he should be able to exercise control over others. He believed that personal growth and personal insight were only intended to show the gifts that God had provided to all.

Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

384 BCE

The figure of Aristotle is prominently in ancient Greek philosophy, making important contributions to logic, metaphysics, arithmetic, astronomy, biology and botany. He was Plato's pupil who was a Socrates friend. He was more analytical than Plato or Socrates and is known for denying Plato's forms theory. He says that the leader's ethical task is to create the conditions under which followers can reach their full potential and increase their own power.

Epictetus (50 AD-135 AD)

50 BCE

Epictetus was born a slave to Jerapolis, Asia Minor. Sometime after Nero's death (68) Epictetus was born. He had a physical disability from an early age, and an ancient source indicates that this was the result of brutal treatment he had endured while he was a slave. By recognizing responsibility for the way you see the world and how these views influence your conduct, you free yourself from slavery to external circumstances and become a master if your own life is.

Plutarch (c. AD 46-c. AD 120)

46 BCE

Plutoarch was a prominent Greek biographer and essayist. Best known for his in-depth biographies of famous Romans and Greeks, described in his writings of' Parallel Lives,' he was equally renowned as a philosophical essayist through his work ' Moralia.'. He strongly believed that young people will, obviously, be like them and use them as role models, by learning the lives of major heroes and being trained to reflect their virtues and defects.

Musonius (25 AD-95 AD)

25 BCE

Gaius Musonius Rufus was a stoic philosopher who had taught in Rome. Musonius is significant for its influence on Epictetus, as well as his distinctive views of marriage, sexual morality and women's education. He claimed that the spirit is equally strengthened by valiant actions and self-control by abstaining enjoyment from forms. Rufus emphasized that exile, misery, physical injury and death were no evil, and that a philosopher would disbelieve in all these things.

Epicurus (341 BC-270 BC)

341

Epicurus was born to Athenian parents on Samos Island. His brother, a school teacher, was named the Chairstrate of the mother of Neocles; they both belonged to the same village, the deme Gargettos. Epicurus then states that two convictions are best imposed to make people unhappy or painful. The desires that are needed to generate happiness are important. The goal is instead to enter an objective state that is defined as "peace of mind."