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Haiti and Santo Domingo
The Haitian Revolution was a successful insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, now the sovereign state of Haiti. The revolt began on 22 August 1791, and ended in 1804 with the former colony's independence. -
The lack of a king, occasion of American Boards
The three theses: the rejection of Napoleon´s claims to America, the loyalty to Ferdinand VII and most importantly, the illegitimacy of both Joseph Bonaparte and the colonial authorities appointed by the Spanish king, who no longer had any power. -
From the boards to the wars of independence
The Spanish authorities fiercely repressend the first of the cities to from a Sovereing Junta. They tried to prevent the contagion. The viceroys of Lima and Bogota immediately sent troops with the oter to besiege Quito and not allow "a grain of salt" to enter.
On August 02, 1810, they murdered 300 patriots and citizens, which shook entire America. -
The priest Miguel HIdalgo
The Cry of Dolores occurred in Dolores, Mexico, on 16 September 1810, when Roman Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang his church bell and gave the call to arms that triggered the Mexican War of Independence.
The priest Miguel Hidalgo was placed in front of the Indians and peasants and launched.
He was executed in 1811. -
The priest José María Morelos
He led the second stage of the revolution and introduced a liberalnstate and agrarian reform.
He died by shot in 1815. -
Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay
Another federalist initiative was led by General José de San Martín, who promoted the Congress of Tucumán, which founded the United Provinces of South America (09-03-1816) -
Independence of Chile
The independence of Chile was in the decisive battle of Maipú in 5-04-1818 -
Mexican Independence
1810: The Mexican War of Independence beginsled by Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo.
1821: The War of Independence ends and Mexico declares its independence. -
Central America Independence
Inspired by Enlightenment thinking and the siccessful American and French.
Revolutions, many ethnic groups in New Sapain began dreaming of independece from Spanish rule. -
Guatemala with its provinces
Guatemala with provinces: Chiapas, Soconusco, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Los Altos and Costa Rica, declared its independence from Spain on September 15, 1821. And they formed an independent state called United Provinces or the Center of America. -
Panama
Rebels in the small town of Villa de Los Santos made the first declaration for independence and the movement quickly spread to the capital. Panama belonged to the Viceroyalty of New Granada and therefore, became independent along with Colombia. -
Independence of Venezuela
Venezuela was a leader in Latin America's Independence movement. Led by visionary radicals such as Simón Bolívar and Francisco de Miranda, Venezuela was the first of the South American Republics to formally break away from Spain.
Venezuelan independence on June 25, 1821. -
Independence of Peru
San Martin, arrived to Peru with an army of approximately 4500 soldiers, however, this army was every day product of the desertions of soldiers that belonged to the royal army. In different cities, the citizens organized acts in favor of the independence.
San Martin declared independence in July 28, 1821 and was appointed Protector of Peru. -
San Martin and Bolivar
Guayaquil Conference, (July 26–27, 1822), meeting between Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín, leaders of the South American movement for independence from Spain. Late in 1821, when San Martín’s campaign for the liberation of Peru was faltering, he wrote to Bolívar, whose army was then in possession of Ecuador, that the two of them must join forces if the struggle for independence was to succeed. Bolívar agreed enthusiastically, and the two met at Guayaquil. -
Brazil: Monarchical Independence
1807: Juan VI took refuge in Brazil.
1815: Juan VI promoted a legal reform - Brazil: the territorial base of the "Empire of Brazil, Portugal and Algarve".
1821: Juan VI returned to Portugal, leaving his son Pedro de Braganza as governor of Brazil.
1831: He abdicate ahn was succeded by his son, Pedro II. -
Independence of Ecuador
The Ecuadorian War of Independence was fought from 1820 to 1822 between several South American armies and Spain over control of the lands of the Royal Audience of Quito.
The war ended with the defeat of the Spanish forces at the Battle of Pichincha on May 24, 1822, which brought about the independence of the entire Presidencia de Quito. -
End of the war of independence
Bolivar and Sucre defeated the Spanish army at the Battle of Junín (06-08-1824).
Sucre was forced to give battle and destroyed the last bastion of the Spanish army at the battle of Ayacucho (09-12-1824), which put an end to Spanish rule in South America. -
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
1833: Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna becomes president for first time. -
The case of Puerto Rico
Frustrated by the lack of political and economic freedom, and enraged by the continuing repression on the island, Puerto Rico's pro-independence movement staged an armed rebellion in 1868. Known as the Grito de Lares (the "Cry of Lares"), the rebellion broke out on September 23, 1868. -
Independence of Cuba
José Martí organizes the Cuban Revolutionary Party and looks for the old leaders of the revolution.
The intervention of EE.UU. precipitate the Spanish defeat and Cuba proclaimed its independence in 1899 although it suffered the American occupation.
