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Brasil - Napoleon invaded Portugal, Juan VI took refuge in Brazil
Throughout his period of rule, major powers, such as Spain, France and Great Britain, continually intervened in Portuguese affairs. Forced to flee to South America across the Atlantic Ocean into Brazil when troops of the Emperor Napoleon I invaded Portugal, he found himself faced there with liberal revolts; he was compelled to return to Europe amid new conflicts. -
Ecuador - Quito, First Call for Independence
On August 10, 1809 Quito was the place of the first revolt against Spain in Latin America. A group of criollos (people of Spanish descent but born in the South American colonies) declared their independence from the Spanish. -
Ecuador - Quito's massacre
After the events of August 10, 1809, in the first cry for independence, shackled and held incommunicado, civilians who participated in that coup and the "Sovereign Board" were arrested. The early Quito movement was encircled, its leaders persecuted, and its leaders imprisoned. -
México - Wave of hunger - Miguel Hidalgo in the town of Dolores.
Mexico, on 16 September 1810, when Roman Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang his church bell and gave the call to arms that triggered the Mexican War of Independence. -
Chile - First Junta September 18th
Government Assembly of the Kingdom of Chile (September 18, 1810 – July 4, 1811) was the organization established to rule Chile following the deposition and imprisonment of King Ferdinand VII by Napoleon Bonaparte. -
Argentina, Paraguay & Uruguay
Asunción Spontaneous Revolution set Paraguay free -
Chile - Royalist victory in Rancagua
The Battle of Rancagua ocurred when the Spanish Army under the command of Mariano Osorio defeated the rebel Chilean forces led by Bernardo O’Higgins. This put an end to the Chilean Patria Vieja and it was the decisive step of the Spanish military Reconquest of Chile. -
New Granada & Venezuela
Bolívar, Piar, Páez and others reactivated the war. -
New Granada & Venezuela
Bolivar faced and defeated Morillo in Calabozo. -
Chile - Royalist victory Cancha Rayada Battle of Maipú
The Battle of Cancha Rayada was fought in Chile between South American patriots and Spanish royalists, during the Osorio's campaign in the South American wars of independence. -
Ecuador - Independence of Guayaquil Oct 9th
on October 9th 1820, the coastal port of Guayaquil became the first city to gain its independence from Spain. -
Perú
San Martín leaves Chile -
Perú
San Martín arrives to Lima -
New Granada & Venezuela
A venezuelasn's victory in the battle of Carabobo gave Venezuela its independence -
Perú - San Martín Declares the Independence
San Martín Declares the Independence
the prime leader of the southern and central parts of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire who served as the Protector of Peru. -
Argentina, Paraguay & Uruguay
Uruguay entered in a war with Brazil -
México - Lopez de Santa Anna was proclaimed president of the Republic.
He was President of Mexico and, although in the vast majority of texts it is said that he held the presidency eleven times, the National Institute for Historical Studies of the Revolutions of Mexico (INEHRM) maintains that they were only six times. -
México - Spain recognizes independence.
Spain recognizes independence.
On September 16, 1810, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest, launched the Mexican War of Independence with the issuing of his Grito de Dolores, or “Cry of Dolores” (Dolores referring to the town of Dolores, Mexico). -
Puerto Rico
The Scream of Lares.
The rebellion is crushed in a short time. -
Brasil
Portugal recognized its independence. -
Cuba - The US declares war on Spain.
The United States declared war on Spain. The subsequent Spanish-American War resulted in a decisive victory for the United States and possibly served as a transitional period for both nations. -
Cuba - Cuba proclaimed its independence.
Spain conquered Cuba and appointed Spanish governors to rule in Havana. the Spanish – American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence.
