-
Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court ruled that American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. It helped established the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not equal at all. (https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka) -
Elementary & Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
signed by Lyndon B. Johnson
The act provides federal funding to primary and secondary education, with funds authorized for professional development, instructional materials, resources to support educational programs, and parental involvement promotion. emphasizes equal access to education, aiming to shorten the achievement gaps between students by providing federal funding to support schools with children from impoverished families. \ -
Mills v. Board of Education D.C.
A lawsuit filed against the District of Columbia in the United States District Court. The court ruled that students with disabilities must be given a public education even if the students are unable to pay for the cost of the education.The case established that "all children are entitled to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capacities". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mills_v._Board_of_Education_of_District_of_Columbia) -
P.A.R.C. v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The state of PA must give children with ID, ages 6-21, a free public education no matter the degree of their disability or impairment. Parents gained the right to partake in the educational decisions that affect their children's learning. -
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
Parents are allowed to have access to all personally identifiable information collected, maintained, or used by a school district regarding their child -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL - 94-142)
94-142 Gerald Ford
All public schools that were accepting federal funds were required to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities. Public schools were required to evaluate children with disabilities. They needed to create an educational plan with parent input that would emulate as closely as possible the educational experience of non-disabled students. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_for_All_Handicapped_Children_Act) -
Rowley v. Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School District
first special education case to reach the US Supreme Court. The court ruled that students who qualify for special ed. services must have access to pubic school programs that meet their needs and enable them to benefit from instruction. -
Handicapped Children's Protection Act
President Reagan signed a law that gave parents of children with disabilities more say in the IEP process -
IDEA
Education for all handicapped children act renamed to individuals with Disabilities Education Act; -
IDEA re-authorization
Bill Clinton -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act / IDEA 2004
IDEA of 2004
mandates equity, accountability and excellence in education for children with disabilities. It allows districts to use a response-to-intervention model for determining whether a child has a specific learning disability. It also increases federal funds to provide early intervention services to students who do not need special education or related services. -
Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District
ruled that a school must offer an IEP that is reasonably calculated to enable a child to make progress appropriate in light of the child’s circumstances. The Court additionally emphasized the requirement that “every child should have the chance to meet challenging objectives." This case was different than Amy Rowley because Amy was a fully included student whereas Endrew was not fully included into the regular education classroom.
