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Beginning of Industry
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution greatly increased the output of machine-made goods. It began in England during the mid 1700s. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
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Industry in England
England had all of the natural resources needed for industrialization like water and coal for power,iron ore to build machines, river for transportation, and harbors for ships to come in and go out with goods. -
Industry in England
During this time period small land owners were forced off their lands and many of them moved to the city for work. New techniques that are made by man such as crop rotation led to more food which led to better health and bigger population -
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?
The reason Britain was the place the Industrial Revolution started was because Britain had the perfect conditions for such an event. Since Britain used wood for heat instead of coal, they were left with large deposits of coal remaining to fuel the new ideas. Any natural supplies Britain itself did not have could be provided by its many colonies. -
England's Advantages
England possesed the key factors of production:land, labor,and wealth. Important inventions helped England take leading in world history. Inventions like spinning machines which made textiles (clothing),the cottongin which removed seeds from cotton, the steam engine used in trains and boats, and rail roads which provided cheap transportation and opened up a lot of new jobs. -
Work Conditions
Factory owners would leave machines running as long as possible to maximize profits. Some people would be working 14 hour days 6 days a week. Many of the factories were unclean and badly lit so the exhaustion of the workers led to more accidents.The coal miners' lives were shortened by 10 years from breathing in all of the toxic fumes. -
Work Conditions Pt2
Children would be forced to work in a factory where they could easily lose their lives and made even less than the adults since there was minimum wage nothing could be done about this.Some adult workers only made about a whopping ten cents a hour (making 8-10$ a week)! Women made either half or 1/3 of a man's pay and children even less. -
New Classes Emerge
Factory owners and become a new class of wealthy Europe. A middle class of professional workers emerged (neither rich nor poor) -
Industry's Effects
Although there were many positive outcomes to the Industrial Revolution they were not all positive. Some of the effects of the industrial revolution made living terrible because it caused places to become very crowded due to people moving into England for jobs. Since it was very crowded this led to the spread of many diseases, there was very little sanitary rules so poeple lived in very filthy houses, and the poor families worked extremely long hours for barely any money. -
Laissez-Faire and Communism
Laissez-Faire was a french term the meant "Let do" or to let people do as they please. Many philosophers believe this would the economy grow. This meant the government would not inforce many rules when it came to the economy.
Communism was an idea of Karl Marx,he had wrote a book with Fredericki Engels. Communism is the idea of the workers making a temporary dictatorship then having the government take almost complete control. -
Communism Pt2.
Communism was supposed to end "the battle between classes". In the book Karl Marx wrote he says that ALL of history could be explained as a battle between classes. He saw the Industrial Revolution as a negative thing which could be proven by the number of those who are wealthy compared to those who are poor. In a pure communist system all land,businesses,and materials are owned by the government -
Economic Ideas
An idea that was thought of during this time was Capitalism which meant economic system in which money was invested in businesses for profit. Supporters of Laissez-Faire (Smith and others) did not want help for the poor workers. Smith believed laws that helped the poor workers such as minimum wage would not help the economy grow. Another idea that had been created during this time was something called socialism which is a type of economic system in which the government plans and runs the economy -
Democracy and Progress
During the 30s something called suffrage was created in England which meant voting rights were extended. This made it to where more men could vote not just wealthy land-owning white men. Women did not get to vote until after WWI. -
Things that effected the democracy in England
During the Industrial Revolution, there were a lot of developments and innovation in technology and new methods. Watermills, steam engines powered by coal, and blast furnaces were designed The number of factories and industries in the cities also started increasing. People started to change their views because they were gaining access to certain resources. -
Zionism
Zionism was a movement that started later in the 1800s to create a homeland for the Jews. Mant Jews wanted to reclaim their original homeland in Palestine (Holy Lands). Jews in Eastern Europe (Russia) were victims of violens persecution by community and government. Long story short Jews didn't get a nation until after WWII.