Independence of Latin America

Puerto Rico

1868 BCE

The Grito de Lares was given in 1868. Puerto Rico is still administered by the United States and is currently a commonwealth of that country. And because of that, that country is not independent.

Cuba

1848 BCE

In the year 1848, there was the Grito de Yara and the First War of Independence, called the Ten Years War or Great War. José Martí organizes the Cuban Revolutionary Party. In 1899, Cuba proclaims its independence.

Simon Bolivar

1824 BCE

Liberator, President of Gran Colombia. Take command of an expedition to Peru. Battle of Junin & Battle of Ayacucho.

Independence war End

1824 BCE

1824: Bolívar & Sucre, Victory in Peru.
1825: Sucre, Upper Peru - Bolivia

José de San Martín.

1822 BCE

Protector of Peru. San Martin gave Bolivar the initiative of the war.
Quit from the government of Peru & went back to Argentina .

Central America

1821 BCE

In 1821 the provinces of Guatemala were united in Central America. In the year 1824 the Central American Federal Republic was created. In 1838 to 1840 there was a Civil War. In 1841 England invaded Belize.

Peru

1820 BCE

San Martín leaves Chile. San Martín arrives to Lima. San Martín Declares the Independence in 1821.Battle of Junin and Battle of Ayacucho in 1824.

New Granada & Venezuela

1817 BCE

Bolívar, Piar, Páez and others reactivated the war in 1817.
Bolivar faced and defeated Morillo in Calabozo in 1818. Acrossed the Andes, in Pantano de Vargas battle, the independence of new Granada was sealed .A Venezuelan's victory in the battle of Carabobo gave Venezuela its independence.

Independence causes: Economic

1816 BCE

-Bourbon reforms
-No intraregional trade

Independence causes: Social

1816 BCE

-Spaniards privileges
-Spaniards vs.creoles for management positions

Independence causes: Ideological

1816 BCE

-Enlightenment: The forerunners of independence became aware of the differences between the colonies and the metropolis.

Military campaigns: Pablo Morillo

1815 BCE

Fernando VII, Cádiz, 1815 and the greatest Spain force.

Military campaigns: Simón Bolivar

1813 BCE

"Liberator" and Admirable Campaign: Mérida and Caracas.

Mexico

1810 BCE

In 1810, there was a wave of hunger, in the town of Dolores.
In 1811 to 1815: First Constitution of Mexico. Agustín Iturbide proclaims himself emperor in 1812. López de Santa Anna is proclaimed President of the Republic in 1833.
Spain recognizes independence in the year 1839.

Argentina, Paraguay & Uruguay

1810 BCE

In 1810: Buenos Aires, 3 failed attempts. Assumption Spontaneous Revolution set Paraguay free in 1811. In 1816, San Martin, United Provinces of South America. Federalists vs.Centralists. Uruguay went to war with Brazil in 1825.

Chile

1810 BCE

In 1810, first Junta, september 18th. Royalist victory in Rancagua. O'Higgins & San Martin Army of the Andes. O'Higgins & San Martin crossed the Andes mountains, Battle of Chacabuco. Royalist victory, Cancha Rayada, Battle of Maipú.

American Sovereign Juntas

1809 BCE

August 10, 1809, Quito 1st in the history of Spanish America to proclaim the independence.
1810: Caracas, Buenos Aires, Bogota, and Santiago de Chile, Mexico

Napoleon in Spain

1808 BCE

On May 5, 1808, Napeleon's brother, José Bonaparte. King of Spain

called "PepeBotellas".

Brazil

1807 BCE

Napoleon invaded Portugal and John VI took refuge in Brazil in 1807. Juan VI promotes a legal reform in 1815. And in 1821 Juan VI returns to Portugal, leaving his son Pedro de Braganza as governor of Brazil. Emperor of Brazil is proclaimed. Was succeeded by his son, Pedro II in 1831.Portugal recognizes its independence in the year 1889.

Haiti & Sto Domingo

1793 BCE

1793 - 1802: Francois Dominique Toussaint - Louverture. Jean Jacques Dessalines definitely defeated the French troops.
In 1804, declared the independence of Haiti. In 1865, Dominican Republic achieves its independence.