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Itard and Seguin
Early developers of procedures to educate hard to teach children. -
Gallaudet
Early educator of the deaf; First principal of Columbia Institution for the Deaf. -
Howe
Advocate for Education of the Blind; Founded the Perkins Institute -
Education
The first public school special class was implemented in Cleveland, OH. -
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Normalization and Deinstitutionalization
Barriers preventing those with special needs participating in society are gradually broken down. -
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Inclusion
Students with disabilities are integrated into the general education classroom. -
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Segregation of Students with Disabilities
Prior to the 1960's students with disabilities were segregated educationally from students without disabilities. In the 1960's the educational desegregation of students with mild disabilities began. -
Council for Exceptional Children
Founded by Ferrell and other teachers, it helped to develop the profession of special education. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Established separate is not equal. -
Diana v State Board of Education of California
Schools ordered to administer tests in students native language. -
Larry P. v. Riles
Ordered that tests should not discriminate based on race. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Guaranteed education was not limited to traditional academic instruction. Children with disabilities could benefit from an education structured to their needs. -
Mills v. Board of Education
Class action lawsuit. Board was ordered to educate all students, even those with disabilities. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
A civil rights law. Guarantees certain rights to people with disabilities. -
Education of the Handicapped Act
Amendments P.L. 94 - 142 are considered to be the foundation of special education. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Protects people with disabilities, no matter their age. Supports individuals after they have left school. -
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1990) and IDEA Improvement Act (2004)
Services of IDEA include: Identification; Free, Appropriate Public Education; Due Process; Parent/Guardian Surrogate Consultation; Least Restrictive Environment; Individualized Education Program; Nondiscriminatory Evaluation; and Confidentiality. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
General law which requires all students be proficient in reading and math, including those with disabilities.
