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Jan 1, 1517
Martin Luther wrote his 95 theses
As a protest against the selling of indulgences. After he sent a copy of the theses to Albert of Mainz (who sent a copy to Pope Leo), Luther continued to write, elaborating on the issues raised. -
Jan 1, 1530
Pizarro returned to Panama
In 1531, he sailed down to Peru, landing at Tumbes. He led his army up the Andes Mountains and on November 15, 1532, reached the Inca town of Cajamarca, where Atahualpa was enjoying the hot springs in preparation for his march on Cuzco, the capital of his brother's kingdom -
Jan 1, 1550
Akbar, grandson takes over dynasty
At the age of 13 he ruled until his death. Although he could not read or write he was very wise. He used his power to expand the empire. He showed no mercy to the rulers who opposed him. -
Jan 1, 1555
The Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Lutheran princes at the city of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggle. The Peace established the principle Cuius regio, eius religio, which allowed German princes to select either religions, ultimately reaffirming the independence they had over their states.Residents who didn't wish to conform to the prince's choice got to explore the different religions. -
Jan 1, 1562
French war of Religion begins
This is named for a period of civil infighting, military operations and religious war. Unlike all other religious religious wars at the time the French retained their religious character. The conflict involed disagreements between the aristocratic houses. Approximately 3,000,000 people died due to violence. -
Jan 1, 1571
Christian alliance destroys Ottoman fleet at Battle of Lepanto
Ottoman kept their status quo but were repulsed by a european army. The Ottomans were kicked out of Hungary. They still retained the core of their Empire. Ottoman turks would never be a threat in central Europe. -
England defeats the Spanish Armada
After 8 hours of intense battling the Spanish retreat. The English won because they had better guns. It had destroyed the Spanish dominant seas. Also inspired the new wave of colonies in the new world. -
Period: to
The Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War began when Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II of Bohemia attempted to curtail the religious activities of his subjects, sparking rebellion among Protestants. From 1618 to 1648, a series of conflicts was fought between Roman Catholic and Protestant states, in part to answer the question of what churches European Christians were allowed to attend. These conflicts are known as the Thirty Years War. -
Puritans left England for North America
In 1630 a group of people called Puritans left England for North America. The settlement they started in America was called the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was settled in 1630 by a group of about 1,000 Puritan refugees from England.The leader of the colony was John Winthrop. -
Louis XIV begins to control absolutist rule in France
He made sure nobles and government administrators had zero say in the government. He gave local leaders a say in affairs. While in rule he blew his money on palaces, his court and standing armies for war. Lastly on his deathbed he expressed his remorse saying “Do not imitate me.... Live in peace with the nations” -
Peter the great visits the west
By visiting the west he modernized the Army and Navy. He also introduced Western customs like shaving. Peter the great “opened windows to the west” and western life living. He also had absolute Monarchy. -
Louis XIV dies
On September 1, 1715, four days before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of gangrene at Versailles. His reign had lasted 72 years, longer than that of any other known European monarch, and left an indelible mark on the culture, history and destiny of France. His 5-year-old grandson succeeded him as Louis XV. -
British forces, led by Sir Robert Clive, defeat the Moguls
As a result of the defeat on the Moguls, the French was no longer a great force in Bengal. Lord Clive also obtained a seat in the British house of commons. The British were now the greatest European power. Mir Jafar encouraged the Dutch against the British. -
Declaration of independence
The biggest thing the Declaration of Independence did was declared America's independence from Great Britain. The Declaration also gave all men the right of life. Another thing the Declaration did was gave the people of America Freedom. The Declaration was a big thing for the Americans. -
Period: to
The Late Tokugawa Shogunate
The Late Tokugawa Shogunate was the period between 1853 and 1867, during which Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy called sakoku and modernized from a feudal shogunate to the Meiji government. It is at the end of the Edo period and preceded the Meiji era.
