hungary (middle ages - eraly modern ages) some dates

  • Period: 972 to 997

    Grand Prince Géza

    • Ended the independence of tribes/clans.
    • sent ambassadors to the HRE, and offered peace in exchange for priests and knights.
  • Period: 997 to 1038

    Stephen

    • support of the church -> coronation in 1000
    • Church laws: village system --> build a church (10), Sunday, Christian holidays, tenth
    • establishment of church --> 10 bishoprics, 2 archbishoprics (Esztergom, Kalocsa) , monasteries
    • administration: centralize, castle (districts), counties, gyepü --> bailiff, paletine
  • Period: 1205 to 1235

    András II

    • civil war with his brother(Imre) and later his nephew(László III)
    • give out all the royal estates --> no power basically no power
  • 1222

    Golden Bull

    Golden Bull
    • highly influenced by the nobles
    • based on Magna Carta Libertatum MAIN POINTS
    • 2. not capture w/o summoning the court
    • 3. tax exemption for nobles
    • 4. will
    • 7. only mandatory to participate in war ha megtámadják
    • 31. resistance clause
  • Period: 1235 to 1270

    IV. Béla

    After András II --> tried to restore the conditions and the size of the royal estates his father fucked up
    --> Friear Julianus : Magna Hunagria
    --> invited Cumans: accidentally killed Kötöny --> fucked up
    --> Reform after the Mongolian Invasion
    - Renovation Regni: gave lands for military service, hopes are invited, royal cities, economic reforms, stone castles
  • Period: 1241 to 1242

    Mongolian Invasion

    • Mongols : Genghis Khan: legnagyobb vezető
    • 1241 April : Bat Khan és hatserege in Hungary --> esélyünk sincs
    • Muhi
    • result: fosztogatás, genocide basically, fagy a duna - át tud menni a máik oldalra,
    • end: Ganhis Khan meghla --> Batu Khan vissza megy a választásra
  • Apr 10, 1241

    Battle of Muhi

    Battle of Muhi
    • 1240. april 10-11
    • decesive battle
    • szekér vár --> felgyújtották
    • IV. Béla to Austria --> Dalmaia --> fortress of Trau
  • 1301

    Extinsion of the Árpád dynasty

    last: Andrew III
  • Period: 1308 to 1342

    Charles Robert

    • fights against the oligarchs
    • Sharing of Urbura
    • coinage : Golden Florin(silver denarius) --> no lucrum camerae --> gate tax
    • custom duty (thirtieth)
    • Visergád Summit
  • Period: 1387 to 1437

    Sigismund of Luxembourg

    • 1389 Kosovo --> The Turks become our new neighbors
    • crusades
    • 139 Nicapolis - --> defeated: new strategy
    • Militai Portlis ( 1397): army based on estate size
    • buffer states
    • border castles
  • 1437

    Union of Kápolna

    Three nations of Transylvania united. The nations were based on ethnicities.
  • Period: 1446 to 1453

    Hunyadi János

    • Governor of Hungary
    • hussiet tactics 1443- 1444: Long/winter campaign
    • Peace Treaty in Adrianople (1444) 1444: campaign against the Turk
    • violated the peace treaty
    • Battle of Várna: Wladyslav died 1448: 2nd battle of Kosovo
    • Hunyadi --> fogogság
    • after improvement of border fortresses 1953: Constantinople was conquered 1956: Siege of Belgrade:
    • Hunyadi died
  • Period: 1458 to 1490

    King Matthias

    • Szilágyi's Article
    • Peace Treaty of Bécsulyhely: if no heir than Habsburgs economy
    • hearth tax, extraordinary war tax, new aristocracy military
    • Black army, mercenary army foreign policy
    • goal: Holy Roman Emperorship -captured Vienna
    • against Turks: defensive
    • renaissance
  • Mar 19, 1464

    Coronation of Matthias

    Coronation of Matthias
    legitimize his power
  • Period: 1526 to 1541

    Szapolyai János

    • voivode of Transylvania ---> King
    • based on the decree of Rákosi become Vassal of the Sultan
    • 1538 - Treaty of Várad
  • Period: 1526 to 1562

    Ferdinand I

    • after Mohács
    • brother of the Emperor . based on: dynastic treaty (Mátyás)
    • Royal Hungary
  • Sep 29, 1526

    Battle of Mohács

    • king: László II
    • 30000 army , could be more but didn't arrive
    • general: Tomori Pál
    • everybody dies
    • result: két majd 3 részre szakadás
  • Period: 1541 to 1568

    Turkish expension

    • 1541: Buda
    • 1541-42: fortresses around Buda
    • 1552: Temesvér --> Szolnok, Drégely, Eger
    • 1566: Szigetvár (Zrínyi)
    • 1568: Treaty of Drinápoly
  • Sep 29, 1541

    Occupation of Buda

    The Turks occupied the city without resistance (as "tourists").
  • 1558

    Edicts of Torda

    The TP had exceptional religious tolerance, cuz they wanted to avoid religious wars
    - 1557: Lutheran
    - 1564: Calvinist
    1568: Unitariat
  • 1570

    Treaty of Speyer

    Maximilian I and János Zsigmond acknowledged each other which meant the declaration of the Transylvanian Principality
  • Period: 1570 to

    Pázmány Péter

    Counter- Reformation, recatolization
    - followed the idea of the Council of Trent
    main goal was to gain over the aristocracy because they could influence their peasants
    - disputes, knowledge
    - 1635 - University of Nagyszombat
    - 1626 - Catholic bible
  • Period: to

    Rákoczi Inserructions

    • II Rákoczi Ferenc
    • Patent of Vetés and Patent of Gyula
    • 1705 Stécsény: Confederated estates
    • 1707 Ónod: dethronement of the H- dynasty(Joseph I) -1708 Sárospatak: abolishment of serfdom was promised but ineffective
    • Peace treaty of Szatmár
  • Period: to

    Maria Theresia

    • Pragmatic Sanction
    • enlightened absolutism
    • ruled by decree tax/ economic stuff
    • double tariff border (1754)
    • Urbaium (1767) -Ratio Education (1777)
  • Period: to

    Joseph II

    • administrative reforms
    • Decree of Toleration (1781)
    • Language decree (1784)
    • decree on serfdom (1785)
    • "Notable stroke of hand"