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Schools Opening: Vineland Training School
The Vineland Training School is located in Vineland, New Jersey with the mission of educating people with developmental disabilities so they can live independently. The school changed its name several times. The original official name was "The New Jersey Home for the Education and Care of Feebleminded Children” (1888). The Psychological Research Laboratory at the Training School was founded in 1906, and was the first research facility devoted to studying mental deficiencies in the US. -
Schools Opening: Gallaudet: The Inauguration and Organization of the College for the Deaf
Established in 1864, Gallaudet College for the Draft was awarded the ability by President Abraham Lincoln to award collegiate degrees to its students. The college is still the world’s first [and only] college for deaf people. [https://youtu.be/EcqkLYKneKQ][Link text](http://www.timetoast.com) -
Organization: Special Olympics
Eunice Kennedy Shriver founded the Special Olympics. She was inspired by her sister, Rosemary, to start "Camp Shriver", a camp for children with intellectual disabilities. She saw that these children were often ignored and neglected, yet she knew they had many talents and gifts to offer. Her camp grew into the Special Olympics International -- a global movement that today serves more than 4 million people with intellectual disabilities in more than 170 countries. -
Legislation: 1971: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Prior to this case, children with disabilities were routinely denied a public education. The contention was the rejection policy Pennsylvania adopted into state law. The ruling on this case was that the Pennsylvania law was unconstitutional and that Pennsylvania must provide a free public education to all children. When assigned anywhere but a regular public school, the child would be reevaluated every two years. http://disabilityjustice.org/right-to-education/ -
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Early Landmark Cases in the History Of Special Education
Two critical cases in the early 1970s – Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (“P.A.R.C”) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and Mills v. Board of Education – addressed the issue of education for children with disabilities. These cases were won based on the right of every child with a disability to be educated and are grounded in the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution -
Legislation: Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
The Mills class action lawsuit was filed on behalf children who had been denied placement in a public educational program because of alleged mental, behavioral, physical or emotional disabilities. The case was built on the lack of access to due process of law. The Court noted that defendants’ failure to provide education could not be excused by the claim of insufficient funds. -
Legislation: Public Law 94-142
Public Law 94-142 guaranteed a free, appropriate public education to each child with a disability in every state and locality across the country. The law included efforts to improve how children with disabilities were identified and educated, to evaluate the success of these efforts, to provide due process protections for children and families, and for financial incentives to enable states and localities to comply with Public Law 94-142. -
Organization: Parents Helping Parents (PHP)
Established in 1976 as a nonprofit agency, PHP meets the needs of individuals with special needs and their families. This includes children of all ages and all backgrounds who have a need for special services, including but not limited to illness, cancer, accidents, birth defects, neurological conditions, premature birth, learning or physical disabilities, mental health issues, and attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9y-zeeFZ6sc -
Legislation: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is enacted
ADA adopts the Section 504 regulations and numerous 504 Plans for individual students start to become more common place in school districts. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is a civil rights law to prohibit discrimination solely on the basis of disability in employment, public services, and accommodations. The ADA defines a disability in a broader sense than IDEA, allowing for more flexibility in accommodating students that do not meet eligibility through IDEA. -
Legislation: No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) was the main law for K–12 general education in the United States from 2002–2015. The law held schools accountable for how kids learned and achieved. The law was controversial in part because it penalized schools that didn’t show improvement.http://study.com/academy/lesson/no-child-left-behind-summary-pros-cons.html -
Legislation: Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 was to bring IDEA of 1997 into alignment with No Child Left Behind Act
Many changes were made to PL 94-142 to what we know now as the Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act (IDEA). Additions such as laws regarding discipline, transition planning, state assessments participation, assistive technology and related services,and of course the addition of the six principles of IDEA 2004 (zero-reject, protection in evaluation, free and appropriate public education, least restrictive environment, procedural safeguards, and parental participation).
