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American School for the Deaf
American School for the Deaf (ASD), was founded by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc. It was the first permanent school for the deaf located in Hartford, Connecticut. The school became the first recipient of state aid to education in America when the Connecticut General Assembly awarded its first annual grant to the school in 1819. -
The ARC
The ARC was founded by parents to get resources and to advocate on behalf of their children who were diagnosed with mental retardation. The parents wanted support for their children to live in their communities instead of being institutionalized. The Arc is the largest national community-based organization advocating for and with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. -
Brown V Board of Education
Brown v Board of Education decision determined that segregation on the basis of race violated equal education opportunity. This law led the way to the understanding that all people, regardless of race, gender or disability, have a right to public education. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Passage of Elementary and Secondary Act schools began receiving federal monies for public education. A year later, an amendment to the act set aside funding specifically for students with disabilities. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizen (PARC) V Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
PARC V. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, established the right of children with mental retardation to a public education in the state of Pennsylvania. This case began to lay the legal groundwork for later federal legislation granting equal rights in education to all children with disabilities. Under a consent decree, the state agreed to provide full access to a free public education to children with mental retardation up to age 21.
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The Education for All Handicapped Children Act -(EHA) PL94-142
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) gave children with disabilities specific legal rights to an education.It improved how children with disabilities were identified and educated, evaluate the success of the effort and also contained a due process clause that guaranted an impartial hearing to resolve conflicts between the parents of disabled children and the school system. -
Deaf President Now
Students at Gallaudet University, the only American University specifically for deaf students, led the "Deaf President Now" protest. Students made several demands, calling for a Deaf president and majority Deaf population on the Board of Trustees. This week-long protest resulted successfully in the appointment of deaf president, Dr. I. King Jordan. Their protest inspired inclusion and integration across communities. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act -IDEA
Replaces PL94-142 and establishes "people first" language when referring to people with disabilities. It extends special education services to include social work, assistive technology, and rehabilitation services. It extends provision for due process and confidentiality for students and parents. It adds two new catergories of disabilities autism and traumatic brain injury. -
Americans with Disability Act (ADA)
The ADA was to ensure the equal treatment and access of people with disabilities to employment opportunities and to public accommodations. The ADA was intended to prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, services rendered by state and local governments, places of public accommodation, transportation, and telecommunications services. An Overview of the Americans with Disabilities Act https://adata.org/factsheet/ADA-overview h -
Museum of disABILITY History- New York
Museum of disABILITY History, NY - Established in 1998 by Dr. James M. Boles,The Museum of disABILITY History is dedicated to advancing the understanding, acceptance and independence of people with disabilities. The Museum's exhibits, collections, archives and educational programs, create awareness and a platform for dialogue and discovery. -
The Reauthorization of IDEA
Congress reauthorized IDEA and some of the changes included that all special education teachers be "highly qualified". Provision of special education and related services to homeless and mobile population. Changes in compliance monitoring to focus on students performance not compliance with procedures. Changes to procedural safeguard by the addition of a resolution session prior to a due process hearing. Revision of test regarding the manifestation determination.
