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History of Special Education
This is a a timeline of important events in the history of special education in the United States. -
The First School for the Deaf
The American School for the Deaf (ASD) is the oldest school for the deaf in the United States. It was founded April 15, 1817, in Hartford, Connecticut, by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, Dr. Mason Cogswell, and Laurent Clerc and became a state-supported school later that year. -
Compulsory Law in Rhode Island
Rhode Island passes a law mandating that the government must provide an education to all children. However, children with disabilities were still excluded from public schools. The Compulsory law targeted toward parents who have failed to enroll their child or have not made efforts to ensure regular attendance -
The School of The Deaf and Blind
In 1869 Howard Hill Johnson, a blind man from Pendleton County, in Virginia, began a compaign for the establishment of a school for the blind in West Virginia. His efforts were successful and on March 3, 1870, the West Legislature at Wheeling, the then capital, passed an act providing for the establishment of a school, not only for the blind, but for the deaf also.
http://www.historichampshire.org/schools/d-b-school.htm -
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Paul Eugen Bleuler born April 30, 1857 this Swiss psychiatrist thought to be responsible for the first use of the term autism in 1910 as he was defining symptoms of schizophrenia He derived it from the Greek word autos (αὐτός, meaning self), The word autism first took its modern sense in 1938 when Hans Asperger of the Vienna University Hospital adopted Bleuler’s terminology “autistic psychopaths” in a lecture in German about child psychology.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaZUig03gT0 -
Brown v. Board of Education
In 1954, the U. S. Supreme Court issued a landmark civil rights decision in Brown v. Board of Education. In Brown, school children from four states argued that segregated public schools were inherently unequal and deprived them of equal protection of the laws. The Supreme Court found that African-American children had the right to equal educational opportunities and that segregated schools “have no place in the field of public education.” -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v Pennsylvania
Several children with mental disabilities, by and through their parents, filed this class-action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania against the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the State Board of Education and several school districts. The Court entered a consent decree, which required the state to evaluate and place all students with mental disabilities ages 6-21 in a proper publicly funded educational setting. -
Mills vs. Board of Education of District of Columbia,
A lawsuit filed against the District of Columbia in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. The court ruled that students with disabilities must be given a public education even if the students are unable to pay for the cost of the education.The law established that "all children are entitled to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capacities"
https://www.slideshare.net/casandoval1/mills-v-dc-board-of-education-1972 -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a federal civil rights law that protects qualified individuals from discrimination based on their disability.To get a 504 plan, there are two requirements: First, a child has any disability, which can include many learning or attention issues. Second, the disability must interfere with the child’s ability to learn in a general education classroom.
https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/special-services/504-plan/understanding-504-plans -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
Congress enacted Public Law 94-142, also known as "The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) of 1975." The EAHCA was signed into law by President Gerald Ford as an amendment of the Education for All Handicapped Act of 1974. The law mandated that all children with disabilities would “have a right to education. Congress included an elaborate system of legal checks and balances called “procedural safeguards” that are designed to protect the rights of children and their parents. -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
The NCLB Act passed Congress with overwhelming bipartisan support in 2001 and was signed into law by President George W. Bush on Jan. 8, 2002, is the name for the most recent update to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. The NCLB law “ensures that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach, at a minimum, proficiency on challenging State academic achievement standards and state academic assessments.” -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
On December 3, 2004, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was amended again. The reauthorized statute is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 and is known as IDEA 2004. In reauthorizing the IDEA, Congress increased the focus on accountability and improved outcomes by emphasizing reading, early intervention, and research-based instruction by requiring that special education teachers be highly qualified.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XMndYNEGFA
