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The American School for the Deaf (ASD)
The oldest permanent school for the deaf in the United States. It was founded April 15, 1817, in West Hartford, Connecticut. ASD was the model for education of the deaf for much of the 19th century. . Several state-supported or state-operated residential schools for the deaf were established, in which manual sign language was used for instruction. The schools were central to the development of a self-aware community of deaf people in the United States. -
The International Council for the Education of Exceptional Children
The Council for Exceptional Children is a professional association of educators dedicated to advancing the success of children with disabilities. They accomplish their mission through advocacy, standards, and professional development. This council demonstrates by forward-thinking and courageous decision making dedicated to excellence and influence in an evolving environment. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not, in fact, equal at all. This educational landmark case paved the way for the rights of individuals with disabilities to attend and benefit from public education. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Sided in favor of students with intellectual and learning disabilities in state-run institutions. It was concluded that every retarded person between the ages of six and twenty-one shall be provided access to a free public program of education and training appropriate to his capacities. It was also stated that Pennsylvania was responsible for providing free public education to all children; that meant that no child, regardless of their disability, could be turned down. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
This law required all states that accepted money from the federal government were required to provide equal access to education for children with disabilities, in addition, providing them with one free meal per day. States had the responsibility to ensure compliance under the law within all of their public school systems. Also known as the "Mainstreaming Law." Requires individualized education programs(IEP). -
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments (EHA)
These amendments reauthorize the EHA and include a rigorous national agenda pertaining to more and better services to young special needs children and their families. It is fueled by the recent recognition of the needs and competence of infants, the importance of early life experiences and by the documentation of the benefits of early intervention and preschool services. EHA recognized the unique role of families in the development of handicapped children. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The nation's first comprehensive civil rights law addressing the needs of people with disabilities, prohibiting discrimination in employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications. ADA gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities that are like those provided to individuals on the basis of race, sex, national origin, and religion. ADA protects anyone with a physical or mental impairment.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6P9kSqGVt4 -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
It requires that all students with disabilities continue to receive services, even if they have been expelled from school. Requires schools to assume greater responsibility for ensuring that students with disabilities have access to the general education curriculum. The law is frequently referred to as IDEA '97.
https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/your-childs-rights/basics-about-childs-rights/individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-idea-what-you-need-to-know -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
Americans united behind a revolutionary idea: every child can learn. The law confirms that as a nation, we will not accept a public school system that educates only a portion of its children. NCLB recognizes what truly makes a difference in providing a quality education. The major focus of No Child Left Behind is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
The major purpose of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act is to ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living. This improved act allows districts to use a response-to-intervention(RTI) model for determining if a child has a learning disability.
