History of Inclusion

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

May 17, 1954

This was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement 13 Plaintiff (Parents) & their 20 children, Oliver L. Brown, Chief Justice Earl Warren and National Chapter of the NAACP were involved with this lawsuit filed against the Topeka Board of Education at U.S. District Court in Topeka, KS.

Mainstreaming in the 60's

1968

Before the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) was enacted in 1975, most students with disabilities were excluded from school or did not receive services they needed in school.] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstreaming_(education)) [Students with mild disabilities were mainstreamed with students without disabilities. At this time the students were only “visiting” the general education class and not really being instructed.] (Pearson, 2013)

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Sep 26, 1973

This American legislation was passed, which was the first disability civil rights law to be enacted in the United States. Representative John Brandemas and Senator Randolph Jennings were involved, and was signed by President Richard Nixon. Section 504 is put in place. It prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal financial assistance.

Education of All Handicapped Children’s Act (EHA) and Individualized Education Program (IEP)

1975

Birth of IEP with the passage of The Education for all Handicapped Children Act. IDEA was first passed in 1975, which was first call EHA. Enacted by 94th U.S. Congress such as Nelson Rockefeller, James Eastland & Carl Albert. After this took place, more students are educated with non-disabled peers, are employed and attending college. (Pearson, 2013)

Regular Education Initiative (REI)

1980

Movement during the 1980's. REI was introduced by Madeleine Will of the Office of Special Education & Rehabilitative Services, U.S. Department of Education, called for rethinking services to students with disabilities. She suggested bring together the special & regular education students into the same classroom with appropriate support.

Mainstreaming Model and Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) in the 1980's

1980

In the U.S. IDEA, LRE means that a student who has a disability should have the opportunity to be educated with non-disabled peers, to the greatest extent appropriate. Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education (1989) were involved.

Mainstreaming Movement

Period: 1980 to 1989

In the 1980's, the mainstreaming model began to be used more often as a result of the requirement to place children in the least restrictive environment, according to Clearinghouse, E. 2003.

Education of All Handicapped Children’s Act (EHA)

1986

In 1986, Public Law 99-457 was enacted by President Ronald Reagan. This law added to EHA by requiring early interventions for infants and toddlers.

IDEA

1990

The 101st U.S. Congress reauthorized EHA & changed the title to IDEA. George H. W. Bush, Dan Quayle, Robert Byrd, Jim Wright, and Tom Foley were involved with this process. Overall, the goal of IDEA is to provide children with disabilities the same opportunity for education as those students who do not have a disability.

Inclusion Movement

Period: 1990 to 1999

In many school districts, real special education inclusion began in the 1990s when children with physical disabilities started attending schools in their region.

American Acts with Disabilities

Jul 26, 1990

This law protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination in many areas. 101th U.S. Congress were involved, which included George H. W. Bush, Dan Quayle, Robert Byrd, Jim Wright, & Tom Foley.

Reauthorization of IDEA

1997

President Clinton reauthorized IDEA to ensured the students with disabilities to have the rights to a quality education and quality outcomes. This law have several key amendments that allows the students with disabilities to have access to the same curriculum as the students without disabilities.](https://www.brighthubeducation.com/special-ed-inclusion-strategies/66803-brief-legal-history-of-inclusion-in-special-education/ and https://educationonline.ku.edu/community/idea-timeline)

No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

Jan 8, 2002

[President Bush signed this into law. Students with mild disabilities must be instructed using the state standards and must pass all state assessments like students without disabilities.] (Pearson, 2013) Enacted by 107th U.S. Congress. George W. Bush proposed this on Jan. 26, 2001. Representatives John Boehner, George Miller, & Senators Edward Kennedy & Judd Gregg were involved.

IDEA

2004

This (IDEA amendment) changed the name of the law to Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA). n the US, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA) requires public schools to develop an IEP for every student with a disability who is found to meet the federal and state requirements for special education. This bill was signed by George W. Bush.