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Development of the 16mm gauge
Eastman Kodak develops the 16mm, catering to lower-budget filmmaking. With that, he also released an outfit, which encompassed a camera, projector, tripod, screen and splicer, at a price of $335. Later became extensively used in World War II and educational use. -
The "ending" of the International Congress Of Independent Film
The International Congress of Independent Film meets at Brussels for their second time, but they disband to subsequently fight fascism. Since a lot of independent filmmakers were stationed in Germany, the Nazis deemed their works as illegal and put people involved in such work to create war propaganda. Many of them went into hiding. One of the most important experimental filmmakers in the avant-garde, Walter Ruttmann died of sustained wounds when he switched to work as a war photographer. -
Meshes Of The Afternoon
Maya Deren's film, titled "Meshes Of The Afternoon" was produced with a budget of about $275. Originally a silent film, Deren later added a soundtrack to accompany it. The film was the result of Deren's struggles relating to a largely male-dominated field. Compared to most films which the industry portrayed women in a certain light, especially on their attire, Deren subverted production values such as over-the-top and stereotypical clothing to focus on other ideas. -
The first publication of the American film magazine, titled "Film Culture"
Film Culture was a magazine that delved into the depths of avant-garde cinema. Also published articles about Hollywood films. Ceased publication on 1996. They produced 79 total issues. -
Bleecker Street Cinema ends their relationship with Film-Makers’ Co-op and Film Culture
On June 13, the Bleecker Street Cinema had ended its relationship with the Film-Makers’ Co-op and Film Culture to host film midnight screenings. They often would stream foreign independent films. -
The first New York Underground Film Festival
The first New York Underground Film Festival started on 12th of October 1970, through the 19th. They screened avant-garde, experimental and degenerate films. This film festival ended on their 15th edition in 2008. -
The Experimental Film Coalition is founded
In 1983, a group in Chicago, Illinois formed the Experimental Film Coalition to promote and garner for independent, avant-garde, experimental and underground filmmakers. They hosted monthly film screenings, and also founded a persistent film festival.
The earliest public mention of the Coalition appears to be in a letter to the editor in the February 25, 1983 edition of "Crumbs", a student publication at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. -
The Final New York Film Festival Downtown is held
The sixth (and last) New York Film Festival Downtown is held, ending their legacy. They screened independent movies and avant-garde films. The New York Film Festival Downtown lasted for five years.
