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Plessy vs. Ferguson
This case allowed for segregation to continue, except the term was "separate but equal". A group of people convinced Homer Plessy to join a scheme in which he was told to sit in a white-only car. He was mixed but to the state he was considered a black man. His lawyers stated that the railroad had denied him his 13th amendment rights. -
Brown vs. the Board of Education
This case is one of the laws to pass that ended segregation. It started because one student who was African-American had to take a long trip to school questioned why she couldn't go to the school that was closer to where she lived, the school was an all white school. Eventually more and more parents got involved. It was a unanimous vote and ended segregation in all schools. -
Engel v. Vitale
This act was passed because children used to be start school with a prayer, but Steven Engel said that it contradicted his beliefs. He was a Jewish man. This case claimed that it violates the 14th amendment which states "congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion". The supreme court agreed and passed the act, this gave the students more freedom of religion. -
Title IX
This case started when a group of feminist fought to have gender included in Title VI. The title was against discrimination towards race, color, and national origin in school settings, but it did not cover sex. This law did just that, it added sex as a protected class category, because of this, it open up more opportunities for girls when it came to playing sports -
Education for All Handicapped Children
This act was passed so that children with disabilities could have an equal chance of receiving an education. It also instituted the ramps and easily accessible classrooms so that they would be given the opportunity to interact with non-disabled students. It also created meetings that were specifically for them that was between the parents, faculty, and the student themselves so they can find what accommodations will work best for them. Helping them all as well. -
Plyler vs. Doe
This event focused on students who were born out of the United States. Before this case took action, students had to show documentation that they were born within the United States. If they would still attend the school they had to pay a fine. A landmark decision declared that states can not deny students of free and public education based on their immigration status. This helped mostly the Latin community so they can also get an education. -
Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeier
This case was initiated when the Principal of Hazelwood East High removed two articles from the school newspaper, articles taking the topic of divorce and teen pregnancy. The students who wrote it sued the school because it violated their first amendment rights. This case established the standard that school faculty must revise the student's newspaper work. Also gave them the permission to censor or remove if the articles are too vulgar. -
Grutter vs. Bollinger
Barbara Gutter filed this lawsuit against the University of Michigan Law School when the school denied her application. She accused the school of discrimination because of her race, which violated the 14th amendment and the Civil Rights Act. This law got rid of the school's goal to only focus on a certain group of students. Later on it started another proposal which prohibited the use of race in the Law School admissions processes.
