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Period: to
Irish Immigrant
Between 1820 and 1860, the Irish constituted over one third of all immigrants to the United States. In the 1840s, they comprised nearly half of all immigrants to this nation. This was a huge impact on schools/ teachers because of how jam packed the classrooms were.
https://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/immigration/irish2.html -
Department of Education
MOST IMPORTANT
The Department of Education is created in order to help states establish effective school systems. This early emphasis on getting information on what works in education to teachers and education policymakers continues down to the present day.
http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/role.html -
Plessy VS Ferguson
The U.S. Supreme Court upholds the Louisiana law stating in the majority opinion that the intent of the 14th Amendment "had not been intended to abolish distinctions based on color." Thus, the Supreme Court ruling in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson makes "separate but equal" policies legal. It becomes a legal precedent used to justify many other segregation laws, including "separate but equal" education.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/plessy-v-ferguson -
John Dewey
MOST IMPORTANT
John Dewey's Democracy and Education. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education is published. Dewey's views help advance the ideas of the "progressive education movement." An outgrowth of the progressive political movement, progressive education seeks to make schools more effective agents of democracy. His daughter, Evelyn Dewey, coauthors Schools of To-morrow with her father, and goes on to write several books on her own.
http://dewey.pragmatism.org/ -
Progressive Education Association
The Progressive Education Association is founded with the goal of reforming American education.
Education must prepare students for active participation in a democratic society.
Education must focus on students' social, emotional, academic, cognitive and physical development.
Education must nurture and support students' natural curiosity and innate desire to learn. Education must foster internal motivation in students.
http://www.progressiveeducationnetwork.org/who-we-are/history/ -
John B Waston
John B. Watson and his assistant Rosalie Rayner conduct their experiments using classical conditioning with children. Often referred to as the Little Albert study, Watson and Rayner's work showed that children could be conditioned to fear stimuli of which they had previously been unafraid. This study could not be conducted today because of ethical safeguards currently in place.
http://muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm -
Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget's The Child's Conception of the World is published. His theory of cognitive development becomes an important influence in American developmental psychology and education.
http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html -
World War II
The U.S. enters World War II after the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on December 7. During the next four years, much of the country's resources go to the war effort. Education is put on the back burner as many young men quit school to enlist; schools are faced with personnel problems as teachers and other employees enlist, are drafted, or leave to work in defense plants; school construction is put on hold.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii -
Brown V. Board
MOST IMPORTANT
On May 17th, the U.S. Supreme Court announces its decision in the case of Brown v. Board. of Education of Topeka, ruling that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," thus overturning its previous ruling in the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson. Brown v. Board of Education is actually a combination of five cases from different parts of the country. It is a historic first step in the long and still unfinished journey toward equality in U.S. education. -
The Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Act becomes law. It prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion or national origin.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
Title 1
MOST IMPORTANT
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) is passed on April 9. Part of Lyndon Johnson's "War on Poverty," it provides federal funds to help low-income students, which results in the initiation of educational programs such as Title I and bilingual education.
http://www2.ed.gov/programs/titleiparta/index.html -
Disability Act
MOST IMPORTANT
The Education of All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142) becomes federal law. It requires that a free, appropriate public education, suited to the student's individual needs, and offered in the least restrictive setting be provided for all "handicapped" children. States are given until 1978 (later extended to 1981) to fully implement the law.
http://www.specialednews.com/special-education-dictionary/eha---education-for-all-handicapped-children-act.htm -
A Nation at Risk
The report of the National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk, calls for sweeping reforms in public education and teacher training. Among their recommendations is a forward-looking call for expanding high school requirements to include the study of computer science.
https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/risk.html -
The Immigration and Nationality Act
Specific aspects of the law provide for family-sponsored visas; employment-based visas for priority workers, skilled workers, and "advanced professionals"; and 55,000 diversity visas "allocated to natives of a country that has sent fewer than 50,000 immigrants to the United States over the previous five years."
http://library.uwb.edu/static/usimmigration/1990_immigration_and_nationality_act.html -
Improving America's Schools Act
The Improving America's Schools Act (IASA) is signed into law by President Bill Clinton on January 25th. It. reauthorizes the ESEA of 1965 and includes reforms for Title I; increased funding for bilingual and immigrant education; and provisions for public charter schools, drop-out prevention, and educational technology.
https://www2.ed.gov/offices/OESE/archives/legislation/ESEA/brochure/iasa-bro.html
