-
1000
The Vikings from Vinland discover Canada
The Vikings discovered what we know today as Newfoundland. They established a settlement. However they left only 2 years after colonizing in Newfoundland, due to a war between the Beothuk tribe. -
1497
John Cabot reaches Canada
John Cabot was an Explorer and Merchant, that worked for King Henry VII. He worked in search for a new and most efficient route to Asia. In search of the new route, Cabot sailed West of England a way no other has gone and eventually he reached Canada where he realized the countless Cod fish that could be used to feed. -
1534
Jacques Cartier discovers Canada
Jacques Cartier a French Navigator. He led three maritime expeditions along the interior of the St. Lawrence River which is significant to later trade routes, import exports and Resources. -
1534
Jacques Cartier's first Voyage
The First voyage was a success for the French and he encountered the Iroquois and kidnapped the Chief Donnacona's 2 sons. -
1535
Jacques Cartier's second Voyage
The second voyage Cartier explored farther upstream of the St. Lawrence River and settled in Quebec City. Cartier and his crew stayed the winter, however most crew members died due to the harsh conditions. After the harsh winter Cartier traveled towards Montreal and were faced with more Iroquois tribes. Cartier returned to Europe with 12 members of the Standaconies tribe they were held as hostages. During the time in Europe they were slaves and publicly humiliated. -
1541
Jacques Cartier's Third Voyage
The Third and final voyage of Cartier he attempted to establish and colonize in Quebec. In order to colonize in Quebec the French went to war with the Standaconies tribe. The French won this war and this was when the first French settlement was established in North America -
English Explorers colonize Vriginia
The Settlement was established because the Englished wanted to expand and advance their economic venter with increased wealth and international power. Therefore, they were on the search for Golds and Silvers. -
Samuel De Champlain established Quebec and the First French settlement in North America
“The father of New France” Samuel De Champlain was a navigator, cartographer, draftsman, soldier, explorer and geographer. In 1608 he headed in towards the St. Lawrence River. In the hope of establishing a new settlement that will benefit the French during the Fur Trade. Champlain decided to colonize in Quebec where it was on the coast of the St. Lawrence River. He had built a settlement and he had explored and made alliances with the Huron tribe which pitied the Iroquois. -
Iroquois or Beaver Wars
This war was fought between the Algonquin allianced with the French and Iroquois Tribe. The war first erupted due to the Haudenosaunee tribe and its striving economy in fur trade and they went on to advance their military. The war was to expand and advance the Iroquois territory. The battles took place in Montreal and off the shores of the St. Lawrence River. After a harsh battle the Haudenosaunee had lost the war and the Great Peace of Montreal Treaty was signed over to the French. -
Henry Hudson
Henry Hudson was an English Explorer who founded the Hudson Bay Company in 1670. The company was used for Fur Trade and this company expanded the English economy. -
Spanish Succession
This war uproared due to the death of King Charles II. In 1702, Europe had caught up with the war and so did North America. In North America, the English and the French had been battling over the land of Acadia where it was on the Coast of the St. Lawrence, a resourceful location of the fur trade and was wealthy with resources. During this war, the French obtained the military base St. John and Newfoundland while The British gained control of Port Royal and Acadia. -
The signing of the Treaty Of Utrecht, to negotiate an end to the Spanish Succession
The Treaty of Utrecht was signed between the French and the British in Utrecht, Netherlands. This treaty determined the French and British territories. -
End of the Spanish Succession
-
Halifax founded
Halifax was founded by Governor Edward Cornwallis in 1749. It was originally discovered by the French but, the Mi’kmaq tribe were originally inhabitants. In Halifax, a French settlement was established but after the Spanish Succession. This land was given to the British and the French descendants were then referred to as Acadians. Halifax was built as a Military base since they were threatened by the French when Louisburg was established. -
Expulsion of the Acadians- What caused the uproar
The Acadians were French descendants and were their own Nation, which meant they had their own culture, religion and lifestyle. Tensions and mistrust erupted between the French and the 13 colonies. And since the Acadians were descendants of the French, they were a possible threat towards the British. -
The Seven Years War
The Seven Years War was fought between the French and British mainly but it was the first global war. This war was to determine land and territory. The French were led by General Montcalm and the General Wolfe led the British. -
The Seven Years War- The battle of the Plains of Abraham
In 1759, the Battle of The Plains Of Abraham took place. This was a significant battle in which the French surrender Quebec to the British. On the day of the battle 4,500 French Troops had assembled, however the British had a greater amount. The British first attacked on a cliff which gave them the advantage to oversieze all the French. At the End of this battle the British had won -
Seven Years War- Conclusion
In order to win the land claims in the british favour the British spent millions and even billions of dollars in order to send over troops and weapons. After a devastating war it left both generals dead, the British won and has land claims of the French and Spanish Florida., however the British were in approximately 41 billion livers of dept. After the treaty of Paris was signed the 13 colonies officially became British territory. -
Signing of the Treaty Of Paris
The treaty of Paris was signed in Paris this treaty secured the British their land of the 13 colonies and also Florida from Spain since the French and Spanish were alliances. -
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation sided between the British and the Indigenous people of North America this keep the peace between the 2 nations and to ensure there is no more wars. -
The last of the Explustion of the Acadians
Acadians were forced off their land or instead to pledge allegiance to the British Crown. Acadians that do not pledge were shipped off into boats to the 13 colonies, or back to France. Many families were separated and never to be seen again. If the Acadian had not chosen either of the options, they would be killed in an instant. After being shipped off the British incinerated their settlement into ashes. On these ships, the Acadians were fed at a minimum and many died from diseases. -
Quartering Act
After the Seven Years War the British government was in a massive amount of debt and to overcome this debt the British king heavily taxed and used the citizens of the 13 colonies. The Quartering Act provided the British soldiers with food, water and supplies and this would come out from the Colonists. After a while of this act the colonies threatened the government and started to organize a committee which will later become the patriots. -
Stamp Act
Once the Quartering Act was passed a decade later the Stamp Act was in place to buy back the debt. This act made sure that every single piece of paper that was used required tax and whatever was Stamped by the Royal British Stamp it would be collected as tax.. The British Colonists were expected to buy stamps. This Act uproared amongst the colonists and groups started to organize and rebel against the British government. -
Townshend Act
The Townshend Act taxed the colonists on daily necessities and all items were being imported from Britain and this made up access tax. This act was the worst of all the Acts before.The colonists found this as an abuse of power. Taxes were settled on necessities and mostly used items such as glass, tea, paper, paint and lead. This brought organizations together to lead up toward rebelling against the British government. And in 1770 the Colonists were demanding Violence. -
Boston Tea Party
The final set of taxes were set on tea and this was intolerable. The Boston tea party was used to get the attention of the British King, to protest against the taxes. One night 60 men boarded the cargo ships and dumped it 342 chests of tea into the Boston Harbour. While causing the mischief they were dressed up as the first nation tribe. After the Tea Party, the British government tried to restrain them and contain the colonists from rebelling against the government. -
Quebec Act
The Quebec Act gave the French Quebec as a so-called gift after the Seven Years War, the British government was in a vast amount of debt. To ensure the peace between the 2 nations Quebec was given up. The American Revolution was reaching its peak giving away Quebec would ensure that the French will not side with the Americans. Between the 2 nations the French were able to keep and govern the civil law, however, Quebec still belonged to Britain, therefore, they were in charge of the Criminal law. -
American Revolution- What caused it
Caused by the Townshend Act the British Colonists were furious and decided to organize to rebel against the British Government. A Patriotic community led by George Washington. 80% of the 13 colonists became Patriots and the other 20% remained Loyal to the King of England and they were Loyalists. Staying loyal to Britain meant danger and threats, many families were torn apart, houses were burned down, tar and feathering also became a devastating action. -
American Revolution- Battle of Lexington and Concord
Massachusetts was he first state to rebell and this caught the attention of the King. Once War was declared the first battle was the Battle of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. The British were led by general Gage, Gage had a plan to siege Concord and demolish the Americans. Spies and detectives from the British were sent to gather/leak information therefore leading the Americans to their first victory. -
American Revolution- The Battle of Bunker Hill
A significant battle was the Battle of Bunker Hill it took place during early stages of the Revolution on June 17,1775.Capturing Bunker Hill will give them complete control of Boston harbor a important trading post. General Howe of the British army is enraged after a dirt wall built the night of the battle.The colonists are leading to destroying the British until their ammunition fails.This was a chance to destroy the colonists and while retreating they are shot.Bunker hill is a British Victory. -
The Signing of the Declaration of Independence
On July 4, 1776 the Declaration of independence was signed and America because its own nation with its own identity -
American Revolution- Battle of Trenton
About to lose the Revolution. The Colonists challenged a battle in Trenton on Christmas Day of 1776. There 1400 Hessian (German) Soldiers who served the British. George Washington and his 2400 troops crossed the Delaware River to attack the British troops. Upon surprise the American troops pressed on, since it was Christmas the British and hessian troops had not been prepared. The Americans rounded the British killing their Commander Johann Rall. The Americans had won the is battle. -
American Revolution- Battle of Saratoga
The Battle of Saratoga was another revolutionary war in the American Revolution this battle was held on September 19, 1777 through October 7, 1777. The British were led by General Burgoyne and Americans Generals Gates and Arnold. This battle was curcel because it convinces the French to alliance with the Americans, something that the British feared. The French were subcuenchal to the Americans winning the war, financially. This battle was the turning point of the Americans Revolution. -
American Revolution- Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown one of the lastest, most important battles which determined the Americans victory.This battle was held on September 28- October 19, 1781, in Yorktown, Virginia.General George Washington marched to the war zone while British General Cornwallis approached.Surrounded, the British by the French and Americans the British are anchored in the Ork River. Washington built a trench near the River later bombarding the British On October 19, 1781, Cornwallis surrendered to Washington. -
The Treaty Of Paris
Peace negotiations were held during 1782 and in 1783 the treaty of Paris was signed and the United States Of America became its own independent country and nation. -
Constetution Act
After the American Revolution the loyalists were not welcome in the 13 colonies or America, therefore they fled to Canada. In 1783 a significant amount of loyalists fled to British North America and also intruding Quebec. This made the French upset, in order to maintain the peace, the Constitution Act was formed this gave the French control of their Civil Law and the British their Criminal Law over Quebec. This separated British North America to Upper Canada and Lower Canada were the French. -
Canada's war of independence- The beginning
1812- 1815 the War of 1812 took place. The war was fought due to military conflict between the British and Americans. The British led by Isaac Brock and General William Hull. Without the First Nations, the British would have never won this war. The First Nations is one who knows the land and roots better than anyone else and having native warriors on your side would be a great gain towards victory. Negotiation was made between the British and the Natives military support and Indigenous lands. -
War of 1812- Illusion at Fort Detriot
On August 5th, 1812 Chief Tecumseh of Shawnee nation plans an ambush against the Americans. Fort Detroit commanded by General Holt an American base. August 15th, 1812 First Nations across North America gather towards fort Detroit. Tecumseh comes up with a brilliant illusion having fewer men than the Americans Tecumseh has his men run across the war zone in an orderly manner creating the illusion of thousands of men. His worst nightmare, he surrenders and this leads to Canada's first victory. -
End of the War of 1812
The British now have won the War. this was a day where nations united and became one diverse community. -
War of 1812- Captain Joseph Barass
Captain Joseph Barass from Nova Scotia, he was a privateer and fighting for the British his mission was to destroy American Cargo ships and this would stop the trades that helped the Americans advance in the war. Baras plays a sleek move by fooling the other ship. Barrass becomes Canada's most successful privateer capturing 50 vessels in 10 months. In total Canadian Privateers capture 200 American vessels disrupting their trade routes leading to their economy -
War of 1812- Battle of Fort York
On April 27th, 1813, the shore of Lake Ontario, the Americans come prepared with 14 warships and approach Fort York which is now Toronto.2000 American soldiers approach Fort York, Fort York contains an abundant amount of explosives which could mean the key to this battle.Captain Tito Lelievre, commander of the British troops.Knowing that his troops are outnumbered he has one option to set off the explosives.After this explosion,the Americans fight back burning Parliament buildings to the ground. -
War of 1812- Laura Secord
June 21, 1813, Queenston, Ontario lives Laura Secord.The American soldiers storm in and are in need of food.Overhearing the american soldiers speak about plans to demolish the British by seizing their supply to the Niagara Peninsula and conquering Upper canada.laura Secord makes a remarkable and yet difficult decision.After hours of walking, a fateful encounter faced john Tutela of the Cayuga tribe.They escort Second to the British Camp and tells the Commander their plan the Americans surrender. -
War of 1812- Siege of Montreal
In this War conquering, Montreal means owning Canada.And expanding their trade and economy.October 25, 1813, Captain Joseph Maurice Lamothe, is a tactical fur trader of the Hudson Bay company.General Izard directs 4000 Americans towards Montreal, outnumbered the British are in danger he collects former soldiers, Aboriginal people and black slaves to help with the War.The British Commander calls upon his burglar and tricks the Americans in there are an abundance of Canadian troops left to come. -
Rebellions of Lower Canada
Fought in the year of 1837-1838 between the Patriote who were French settlers and the British.The French were led by Louis-Joseph Papineau. They fought because the British economy, was exploiting and Lower Canada did not have a voice.The first battle was the battle of St. Denis Nov 23, 1837.This battle was claimed success amoung Patriote.The next battle occurred on November 25, 1837.This battle, tied the score 1-1. The final battle was St.Eustache on Dec 14, 1837. The British had gained victory. -
Rebellions of Upper Canada
During the Upper Canada Rebellion tensions and uproar was brought up during the rebellion. In the 1830’s there was an economic depression in Upper Canada. Sir Francis Bond Head started to organize and form rebels. They were defeated and Mackenzie the first mayor of Toronto gave grants to the American settlers. On the battle of Montgomery's Tavern, the rebels marched in with a few hundred soldiers and the outcome of the government victory. -
Union Act
The Union act brought Lower and Upper Canada into on county, one nation and one culuture called the Provrience of Canada. It established the French language into offical government use and Canada became French- Canadian. -
British North America Act
It is an Act which established Canada as a county, it had it own federal foundation and structure. This Act was passed by the British Parliment which declared its independence and united the provinces as one country. And it was called the "Confederation of Canada. The first Prime Minister was Sir John A. MacDonald, as he was the one who established the Central Pacific Railroad, which brought Canada's economy back up.
