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384 BCE
Aristotle
hes a philosopher that claimed that the sun planets and star were located in spheres that revolved around the earth. -
190 BCE
hipparchus
greek astronomer and mathematician who calculated distance between earth and moon, discovered precession of the equinoxes, calculated the length of the year, compiled the first known star catalog, and made an early formation of trigonometry -
165
Ptolemy
Geocentric/Ptolemaic model- Claudius Ptolemy model could so accurately explain the motions of heavenly bodies, it became the model for understanding the structure of the solar system. Proposed idea that earth was center of solar system geo: “relating to earth” -
1473
Copernicus
heliocentric means that the sun is the center, made the scientific method, revival of art, literature, learning. hes a mathematician -
1546
Tycho Brache
known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations found that the stars are fixed -
1564
Galileo
from Italy, first telescope first to ever discover the sun scope proved that stars are not fixed on clear shells, discovered the largest moon which is in Jupiter which is Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto -
1570
Hans Lippershey
inventor of the telescope 3x, was a lens maker -
1571
Johannes Kepler
elliptical orbits- was Tychos’s assistant, discovered 3 laws of planetary motion. Found that orbit of planets are not circular but elliptical (oval). Unification of astronomy and physics -
Giovanni Cassini
He said that the rings has separation, then the Saturn moons and rotation periods of mars and Jupiter -
Sir Isaac Newton
Further developed works of Copernicus and Kepler using math invented reflecting telescope -
william herschel
discovered Uranus and its moons and claimed that there was water on mars, then found 2 more of Saturn moons. -
Percival Lowell
Discovered the planet Pluto and studied the canalis on mars built the Lowell observatory in flagstaff az to study mars -
Ejnar Hertzsprung
One Of the inventors of the hertzsprung russell diagram the HR diagram shows the correlation between the absolute magnitude and spectral type of star -
Albert Einstein
Theory of Relativity 1905 and gravitation -
Edwin Hubble
Using the color of the stars discovers the universe is expanding Hubble's law galaxies are moving away from each other this idea is the basis of the big bang theory of how the universe began -
Karl Jansky
Discovered the radio waves are emanating from space. Radio waves are the longest type of energy waves. -
Sputnik
The importance of Sputnik to the U.S. In the midst of the Cold War, Russia was successful in launching the first satellite into space to orbit Earth. Putting the Soviet Union ahead of the United States. Science and space travel became a new priority for the U.S. and the educational system. In 1958 President Dwight Eisenhower created NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Admin. The Space Race. -
Yuri Gagarin
First human (Soviet) to orbit Earth -
John Glenn
1st U.S. Citizen to orbit Earth -
Apollo Missions
The Apollo program was designed to land humans on the Moon and bring them safely back to Earth. Six of the missions (Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17) achieved this goal. Apollos 7&9 were Earth orbiting missions to test the Command and Lunar Modules, and did not return lunar data. Apollos 8 and 10 tested various components while orbiting the Moon, and returned photography of the lunar surface. Apollo 13 did not land on the Moon due to a malfunction, but also returned photographs. -
Neil Armstrong
first to walk on the moon -
First space shuttle
Space Shuttle Columbia (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-102) was the first space-rated orbiter in NASA's Space Shuttle fleet. It launched for the first time on mission STS-1 on April 12, 1981, the first flight of the Space Shuttle program. -
Mars Pathfinder expedition
launch 1996 and landed 1997 in mars and let rover to explore it was a tech demonstration of a new way to deliver an instrumented sledder and the first ever robotic rover to the surface of the red planet. -
Cassini Orbiter
took 30 years to complete this mission, dropped the probe to collect data -
Space X
Is a partially reusable heavy lift launch vehicle. Then enabling humans to reach Mars, making human multi planetary species. And this has been a primary goal of SpaceX from very beginning but making this really possible spacex has developed some of the best technologies.
