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Captain James Cook
Captain Cook was the captain of the HMS Endeavour, and was one of the first, or the first, to step on Australia (besides Aboriginal people). He was born on the 7th of November 1728, and was assassinated on the 14th of February 1779 and was buried on the 19th of February 1779. Captain Cook had marked where Australia was on a map that the British later looked to for new land. Cook also laid out some things next to Aboriginal tents. -
Captain Arthur Phillip
Captain Arthur Phillip was the first governor of Australia. He came on the first fleet, and was the first to put up the British Crown flag. He put up the flag when he noticed 2 French ships far from the bay, waiting for the wind to calm down. When he saw the 2 French ships he rushed back to Botany Bay and put up the flag. He also had an unusual relationship with an aboriginal man named Bennelong, a senior Eora. Arthur was bron on the 11th of October 1738, and died on the 31st of August 1814. -
Sir Joseph Banks
Sir Joseph Banks was on Captain James Cook's voyage to Australia. He drew pictures of plants and animals. He also suggested that the British should go to Australia for more land. Joseph was born on the 24th of February 1743, and died on the 19th of June 1820. -
Bennelong
Bennelong is an Aboriginal man who lived from 1764 - 1813. He was a senior Eora too. He had an unusual relationship with Arthur Phillip, where Bennelong was called durung (son) and Arthur was called biyanga (father). Bennelong was being taught how to speak English, and was also dressed in British clothes. -
The First Trip to Australia
The first trip to Australia was when Captain James Cook and his crew, including Sir Jospeh Banks, made their first voyage to Australia on the HMS Endeavour. They explored the east coast of Australia and travelled inland of the east coast. Captain Cook met the Aboriginals there, laying out gifts for them outside their tents. Obviously, the Aboriginals were scared of the British, so they ran away. They later returned from the voyage, marking the location of Australia on a map. -
American Revolutionary War/War of Independence
The American Revolutionary War had a big effect on the amount of space for convicts to go. -
Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution had a massive effect on jobs and the economy, making people lose there jobs and made more people poor. This lead most poor people to commit crimes to feed and/or to clothe themselves. -
Overpopulation
Overpopulation grew and more people were left homeless or cramped up. The cause was the industrial revolution and Americas war of independence. -
Overcrowding The Prisons
When the America denied further convicts, the prisons were overcrowded with convicts, making it harder for then British to get more convicts locked up. They later looked at Australia. -
Desperation
The British started to become desperate for places to fit all their convicts, so they looked at the new land that had been discovered. The French were also looking at the land, but not for desperate needs, so the British were in a hurry to get to this new land. -
The Small Pox Devastation
On the First Fleet, a convict had gotten the small pox disease. This disease had spread when that convict was released from the ship, killing many Aboriginals. There were also other diseases like scurvy. -
Bennelongs Payback
A while after Bennelong escaped, Phillip tracked him down and reached his location. When Phillip got of his boat, he walked toward one of the aboriginals. Phillip thought it was a hug, so he opened his arms, but the aboriginal man stood back and threw his spear straight through Phillips arm. Obviously, Phillip did not know this was a payback ritual, so his men started shooting at the aboriginals. Phillip later understood that this was payback for kidnapping Bennelong and the other man with him.