Foundations of American Government

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    John Trumbull Sr.

    Jonathan Trumbull Sr. was one of the few Americans who served as governor in both a pre-Revolutionary colony and a post-Revolutionary state.
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    John Witherspoon

    John Witherspoon (1723-1794) is to be remembered not only for signing the Declaration of Independence and contributing to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1782: he also fought for the Populist Party of the Church of Scotland, helped to unify the early Presbyterian church in America, and moderated its first General Assembly.
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    John Hancock

    American Revolution leader John Hancock was a signer of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and a governor of Massachusetts.
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    Charles Carroll

    Charles Carroll was the only Catholic to sign the Declaration of Independence.
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    John Jay

    One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, John Jay is known as a writer of The Federalist Papers and for being the nation's first chief justice. One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, John Jay is known as a writer of The Federalist Papers and for being the nation's first chief justice.
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    Benjamin Rush

    Benjamin Rush, American physician and political leader, a member of the Continental Congress and a signer of the Declaration of Independence.
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    John Peter Muhlenberg

    John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg was an American clergyman, Continental Army soldier during the American Revolutionary War, and political figure in the newly independent United States.
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    "E Pluribus Unum"

    "Out of many, one" (Motto of the U.S.).
  • Declaration of Independence

    The Declaration of Independence is the affirmation embraced by the Second Continental Congress meeting at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, considered themselves as thirteen newly independent self-governing states, and no longer under British rule.
  • "In God We Trust"

    "In God We Trust" is the official motto of the United States. It was adopted as the nation's motto in 1956 as an alternative or replacement to the unofficial motto of E pluribus unum, which was adopted when the Great Seal of the United States was created and adopted in 1782.
  • U.S. Constitution

    The Constitution is the supreme law of the land in the United States.
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    Bill of Rights

    The Bill of Rights, constitutes the first 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution.
  • Fifth Amendment

    The Fifth Amendment creates a number of rights relevant to both criminal and civil legal proceedings.
  • Eminent Domain

    The right of a government or its agent to expropriate private property for public use, with payment of compensation.