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Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. Issued in 1896, this court decision upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for all public facilities, if the segregated facilities were equal in quality, which is now known as seperate but equal. -
President Roosevelt Bans Discrimination in Defense
Executive Order 8802 was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1941, to prohibit ethnic or racial discrimination in the nation's defense industry. It was the first federal action, though not a law, to promote equal opportunity and prohibit employment discrimination in the United States. -
Jackie Robinson
Jack Roosevelt Robinson was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball in the modern era. Robinson broke the baseball color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him at first base on April 15, 1947. -
Desegregation of Military
Executive Order 9981: Desegregation of the Armed Forces 1948. On July 26, 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed this executive order establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, committing the government to integrating the segregated military. -
America Increase Aid to the French
This aid to France by the United States is in addition to funds already given to the French. These are also in an effort to help Indochina. -
French Surrendered
The Viet Minh victory at Dien Bien Phu signaled the end of French colonial. 1945, hours after the Japanese signed their unconditional surrender -
SEATO Formed
The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, or SEATO, was an international organization for collective defense. It was in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or Manila Pact, signed in September 1954 in Manila, Philippines. -
Brown v. Board of Edu.
On May 17, 1954, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and therefore was unconstitutional. Supreme Court case that overturned the 'separate but equal' approach to public schooling. -
Bus Boycotts
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil-rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. The boycott took place from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956, and is regarded as the first large-scale U.S. demonstration against segregation. -
Southern Manifesto
The Declaration of Constitutional Principles was a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places. -
Little Rock 9
The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. -
SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr., had a large role in the American civil rights movement -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. The bill was passed by the 85th United States Congress and signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on September 9, 1957. -
Vietcong Launches Insurgency
Viet Cong, in full Viet Nam Cong San, English Vietnamese Communists, the guerrilla force that, with the support of the North Vietnamese Army, fought against South Vietnam and the United States. The name is said to have first been used by South Vietnamese Pres. -
NASA Created
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the United States Federal Government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautic. -
Boynton v. Virginia
Boynton v. Virginia, 364 U.S. 454, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The case overturned a judgment convicting an African American law student for trespassing by being in a restaurant in a bus terminal which was "whites only" -
Kennedy Won Presidential
n a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee. ... He defeated Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson on the first presidential ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, and asked Johnson to serve as his running mate. -
Greensboro Sit-in
The Greensboro sit-in was a civil rights protest that started in 1960, when young African-American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave after being denied service. The sit-in movement soon spread to college towns throughout the South. -
SDS Formed
Students for a Democratic Society was a national student activist organization in the United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left. Founded in 1960, the organization developed and expanded rapidly in the mid-1960s, with over 300 chapters recorded nationwide by its last convention in 1969. -
CORE Freedom Rides
In 1961 CORE aimed to desegregate public transportation throughout the south, known as the “Freedom Rides”. -
ARVN
The Army of the Republic of Vietnam, also known as the South Vietnamese army, were the ground forces of the South Vietnamese military from its inception in 1955 until the Fall of Saigon in 1975. It had about 1,394,000 casualties during the Vietnam War. -
Peace Corps
The Peace Corps is a volunteer program run by the United States government. Its official mission is to provide social and economic development abroad through technical assistance, while promoting mutual understanding between Americans and populations served. -
Freedom Rides
Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia and Boynton v. Virginia which ruled that segregated public buses. -
Bay of Pigs Invasion
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the Central Intelligence Agency-sponsored rebel group Brigade 2506 -
First American to Orbit the Earth
John Glenn flew the Friendship 7 mission, becoming the first American to orbit the Earth, and the fifth person and third American in space. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis, the Missile Scare, was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union initiated by the American discovery of Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba -
Engel v. Vitale
The New York State Board of Regents authorized a short, voluntary prayer for recitation at the start of each school day. A group of organizations joined forces in challenging the prayer, claiming that it violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The New York Court of Appeals rejected their arguments. -
Baker v. Carr
Charles W. Baker and other Tennessee citizens alleged that a 1901 law designed to apportion the seats for the state's General Assembly was virtually ignored. Baker's suit detailed how Tennessee's reapportionment efforts ignored significant economic growth and population shifts within the state. -
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
The Partial Test Ban Treaty is the abbreviated name of the 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water, which prohibited all test detonations of nuclear weapons except for those conducted underground. -
Gideon v. Wainwright
Gideon v. Wainwright, 3 is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In it, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys. -
Baptist Church Bombing
The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing was an act of white supremacist terrorism which occurred at the African American 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. -
John F. Kennedy Assassinated
JFK was one of the youngest presidents. His assassination is one of the most controversial murder off all time. Bullets struck the president's neck and head and he slumped over toward Mrs. Kennedy. During the 21 hours that the president's body lay in state in the Capitol Rotunda, about 250,000 people filed by to pay their respects. -
24th Amendment
Citizens in some states had to pay a fee to vote in a national election. This fee was called a poll tax. On January 23, 1964, the United States ratified the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
SNCC Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer, or the Mississippi Summer Project, was a volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi. -
Malcolm X Breaks Away from Nation of Islam
Departure from Nation of Islam. On March 8, 1964, Malcolm X publicly announced his break from the Nation of Islam. He was still a Muslim, he said, but felt that the Nation had "gone as far as it can" because of its rigid teachings. -
Beatlemania
Beatlemania was the intense fan frenzy directed towards the English rock band the Beatles in the 1960s. Their popularity grew in the United Kingdom throughout 1963, and by the end of the year the press had adopted the term "Beatlemania" to describe the scenes of adulation that attended the group's concert performances. -
Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, also known as the USS Maddox incident, was an international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War. It involved either one or two separate confrontations involving North Vietnam and the United States in water by the Gulf of Tonkin. -
Selma Campaign / Bloody Sunday
The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches, held in 1965, along the 54-mile highway from Selma, Alabama to the state capital of Montgomery. -
Malcolm X Killed
Malcolm X was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. He was assassinated by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights. -
American Troops Arrive in Vietnam
The first U.S. combat troops arrive in Vietnam as 3500 Marines land at China Beach to defend the American air base at Da Nang. They join 23,000 American military advisors already in Vietnam. -
Water Quality Act
Water Quality Act of 1965 required states to issue water quality standards for interstate waters, and authorized the newly created Federal Water Pollution Control Administration to set standards where states failed to do so. -
Black Panther Founded
What brought about the Black Panther Party was the assassination of Malcolm X. The Black Panther Party was for self-defense, however ended up being violent especially to police forces. The Black Panther Party was a political organization founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in October 1966 in Oakland, California. -
Congress Divided
The war divided the country into two different sections. The sections were the people who wanted war and the ones who didn't. The ones who wanted war were known as the "Hawks." The ones who didn't want war were known as the "Doves." The hawks believed that due to the aggression of North Vietnamese it forced us into the war.The doves had many antiwar protests. The most common place for them to protest would be on a "Collage Campuses." -
Draft
Need for American soldiers to fight in Vietnam -
Air Quality Act
The Clean Air Act of 1963 was the first federal legislation regarding air pollution control. -
Race Riots (Detroit Riot)
The 1967 Detroit riot was the bloodiest incident in the "Long, hot summer of 1967" -
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive, or officially called The General Offensive and Uprising of Tet Mau Than 1968 by North Vietnam and the Viet Cong, was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War -
Nixon Win Election
The 1968 United States presidential election was the 46th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 5, 1968. The Republican nominee, former Vice President Richard Nixon, defeated the Democratic nominee, incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey. -
My Lai Massacre
The My Lai massacre was one of the most horrific incidents of violence committed against unarmed civilians during the Vietnam War. A company of American soldiers brutally killed most of the people women, children and old men in the village of My Lai. -
Martin Luther King Jr. Assassinated
Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister. He was an equal right activist, but taught none violence. He is famous for his ¨I Have a Dream¨ speech that he gave on August 28, 1963. He was fatally shot while standing on the balcony outside his second-story room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. -
Robert F. Kennedy Assassinatied
Robert Francis Kennedy was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, and as a U.S. Senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968 -
Nixon Bombs Cambodia
Operation Menu was the code name of a covert United States Strategic Air Command bombing campaign conducted in eastern Cambodia. -
Affirmative Action Passed by Nixon
Affirmative action in the United States is a set of laws, policies, guidelines and administrative practices "intended to end and correct the effects of a specific form of discrimination¨ that includes government-mandated, government-sanctioned and voluntary private programs. The programs tend to focus on access to education and employment, granting special consideration to historically excluded groups, specifically racial minorities or women. -
Moon Visit
Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two people on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969 -
EPA Created
The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection. -
26th Amendment
26th Amendment gives 18-year-olds the right to vote. “The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.” -
Pentagon Papers
The Pentagon Papers, officially titled Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force, is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political and military involvement in Vietnam -
White v. Register
The landmark case of White v. Regester challenged the constitutionality of a 1964 Supreme Court decision requiring the redrawing of state districts to make them all of roughly equal population size. -
Paris Peace Treaty
The Paris Peace Accords, officially titled the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam, was a peace treaty signed on January 27, 1973, to establish peace in Vietnam and end the Vietnam War. The treaty included the governments of North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and the United States, as well as the Provisional Revolutionary Government that represented indigenous South Vietnamese revolutionaries. -
Vietnam Becomes a Nation
North and South Vietnam are formally unified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam under hardline communist rule.
