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The Albany Congress
Where-Albany,New York
Why-For the colonies to agree to cooperate in defending themselves against the French
Who-British/Colonial leaders/Iroquois
What-Iroquois refuse to make an alliance with the British -
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The French and Indian War
Who-French/Native Americans vs. British/Iroquois/Colonists
Why-Control over Ohio River Valley
What-British win,France lost their entire empire -
The Treaty of Paris
Who-British and France
What-France surrendered French Canada,French territory west of the Mississippi with the exception of New Orleans because the territory went to Spanish Florida,and Spanish Florida to the British. It also ended the French and Indian War
Where-Paris
Why-The French lost their capital Quebec and could no longer defend it's territory -
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Pontiac's War
In the last days of the French and Indian War Pontiac the leader of the Ottawa nation formed an alliance with the western Native Americans and attacked a dozen British forts and killed 2000 backcountry settlers.The British defeated them in a battle near Fort Pitt.Pontiac fought for another year,but the was over in 1764. -
The Proclamation of 1763
The British wanted to avoid other wars with the Native Americans. So,the British government issued the proclamation of 1763.It restricted colonial settlement west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.This proclamation angered colonists because they thought they the right to settle anywhere.The proclamation was ignored and was impossible to enforce. -
The Sugar Act
The British wanted to impose new taxes on the colonies.So,Parliament passed the Sugar Act.It put an import tax on products like molasses.It called for harsh punishment for smugglers too.So,colonial merchants protested against the act. -
The Stamp Act
Another law that was passed by Parliament was the Stamp Act.It made colonists buy special tax stamps for all kinds of products and activities.The stamps had to be placed on newspapers,wills,licenses,insurance policies,land titles,contracts,and other documents.Protests about the Stamp Act were widely spread.Merchants in New York,Boston,and Philadelphia started to boycott Britsih goods.Then delegates from colonies sent a petition to the king to stop the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act.It worked. -
The Quartering Act
A year later after The Sugar Act was passed Parliament passed The Quartering Act.They passed this act to save money.It made colonists have to house British soldiers,give them food,and other supplies.The colonists were angered because they thought that Parliament was violating their rights. -
The Boston Massacre
Since the protests and boycotting against the Writs of Assistance worked British merchants and manufacturers put pressure on Parliament.Parliament then removed all Townshend taxes except for the one on tea.But,on March 5,1770,in Boston,a group of workers surrounded some British soldiers and were yelling and throwing snow and rocks at them.Since the soldiers were frightened they accidentally killed some of the workers.In the end only two of the soldiers had their thumbs branded. -
Tea Act
On May 10,1773 British Parliament passed the Tea Act.They intended that the act would help the British East India Company,one of Britain's most important companies.The Tea Act lowered the price of tea by allowing the East India Company to ship tea directly to the colonies.But,some colonists were angered that the act gave the East India Company a monopoly on selling British tea to the colonies.The monopoly hurt colonial merchants because now they couldn't compete with the low priced tea. -
Boston Tea Party
The Sons of Liberty,a group a settlers,were soon organized to stop the East India Company from unloading their tea.No tea was unloaded in New York,Philadelphia,or other ports.But,in Boston,Governor Thomas Hutchinson made sure the tea was unloaded.He refused to give the ships the papers to allow them to return to England.For two weeks,felling were tense in Boston.Then one night a group of men dressed as Native Americans went to the tea ship and dumped 90000 pounds of tea. -
Intolerable Acts
Since the Boston Tea Party King George III was outraged.In response they passed four laws which the colonists called the Intolerable Acts.The first act closed the port of Boston.Two others increased the powers of the royal governor,abolished the upper house of the Massachusetts legislature,and cut the powers of town meetings.Finally Parliament passed the Quebec Act which strengthened the Quartering Act.It took away western lands and blocked colonists from moving west. -
First Continental Congress
The meeting took place in Philadelphia.12 of the 13 colonies sent delegates.Some delegates were John Adams,Samuel Adams,John Jay,George Washington,and Patrick Henry.The Congress demanded the official end of the Intolerable Acts and declared that the colonies had the right to tax and govern themselves.They also said that the colonies train militias to stand up to British troops if necessary.The Congress also made a new boycott of British goods. -
Battles of Lexington and Concord
In April,General Thomas Gage,the new governor of Massachusetts,learned that the minutemen were storing arms in Concord.He then sent 700 troops to seize the weapons.When the troops Paul Revere and William Dawes rode into the night to warn the minutemen.In Lexington 77 minutemen were waiting for the British to arrive.The British told them to go home.Suddenly a shot went off they called it "The Shot Heard Round the World".In Concord 400 minutemen fought the British.300 of them were killed or hurt. -
Battle for Fort Ticonderoga
Fort Ticonderoga stood at the southern end of Lake Champlain and protected the water route to Canada.The Green Mountain Boys,led by Ethan Allen,wanted to take a surprise attack on the fort.The 83 Green Mountain Boys crossed the lake and attacked the fort at night.Since the fort was only guarded by 42 British troops,they surrendered the fort immediately.The Green Mountain Boys then seized the cannons which George Washington used to drive the British out of Boston -
The Second Continental Congress
After the Battles of Lexington and Concord,colonists still did not favor independence.As the crisis with Britain deepened,The Second Continental Congress met again.The delegates were Thomas Jefferson,John Hancock,and Benjamin Franklin.The congress first chose to form an army.Second,they chose George Washington as commander of the new Continental Army.Lastly,the congress printed paper money to pay for the Continental Army. -
Battles of Bunker and Breeds Hill
Since the Americans were surrounding Boston were farmers and workers nobody knew if they would stand and fight against British Troops.But,British General William Howe went and attacked straight up the hill.The Americans waited for the British to be about 150 feet away from them and then fired.Hundreds of soldiers were killed.The first and second attacks failed but the third one did,It was because the Americans ran out of ammo.Then in July 1775 they fired cannons at Boston and the British left. -
Olive Branch Petition
After the battles of Lexington and Concord the congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to the king.The petition said that all colonists were loyal to the king.It also asked King George to stop the fighting between the colonists so that the problem could be solved peacefully.It was called the Olive Branch Petition because the Olive Branch stood for peace.In the end King George did'n't even read the petition.Instead he declared that the colonists were "in open...rebellion". -
Invasion of Quebec
On December 31, 1775, during the American Revolutionary War, Patriot forces led by Colonel Benedict Arnold and General Richard Montgomery attempted to capture the British controlled city city of Quebec and with it win support for the American cause in Canada. The attack failed, and the attack took Montgomery's life. The Battle of Quebec was the first major defeat of the Revolutionary War for the Americans. -
The British Withdrawal from Boston
In the Battle of Bunker Hill didn't solve Britain's problem.Boston was still surrounded by the Americans.In July 1775 George Washington took charge of the army.So he had the cannons seized at Fort Ticonderoga dragged on sleds across mountains and forests to Boston.The journey took 3 months.When they arrived in Boston George Washington placed them on high grounds and fired at Boston.The British then evacuated from Boston by sea and never returned.