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FREEDOM OF PRESS
Near vs Minnesota: Supreme Court interpreted "previous restraints" upon publication of a newspaper. Court invalidates a constitutional guarantee that specified government officials / private citizens can maintainlawsuit to suppress public nuisance and enjoin the publication of future issues. -
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
The city of Opelika charged Jones with violating a statute by Jones vs City of Opelika: Jones was charged with kselling books without a license. The Court upheld the statute because it only covered individuals engaged in an commercial activity rather than a religious ritual. -
FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY
The 187 petitioners (black) organized a peaceful march to the South Carolina State House grounds. Some in small groups of 15 would walk in an open public area protesting the policies of segregation in their state. 30 officers told them to disperse or get arrested. The court ruled that the convictions and arrests violated the rights of the protestors. -
FREEDOM OF PETITION
NAACP v. Button: States could not stop the NAACP from soliciting people to serve as litigants in federal court cases challenging segregation. This was ruled unconstitutional. -
FREEDOM OF PETITION
Brown v. Louisiana: The Court reversed convictions of 5 black individuals who participated in an orderly and peaceful sit-in at a local library to protest segregation. The court protected their right of petition and freedom of assembly. -
FREEDOM OF SPEECH
Tinker vs Des Moines: John Tinker, his sister Mary Beth, & a friend were sent home from school for wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. The school had established a policy permitting students to wear several political symbols, but had excluded the wearing of armbands protesting the Vietnam War. Their fathers sued. Tinkers appealed to the Supreme Court.
In a 7-2 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the students had the right to wear armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War. -
FREEDOM OF PRESS
New York Times vs U.S: The New York Times and Washington Post published parts of the "Pentagon Papers" The Pentagon Papers only pertained to events up to 1968 and Nixon Administration argued that this information benefitted the enemy and would make war longer. So the court ruled an injunction against the papers to prevent further publications. -
FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY
The Nazi Party wanted to march peacfully. The Court said nothing could stop them because of content of their message. -
FREEDOM OF SPEECH
Salvail v. Nashua Board of Education: MS Magazine was removed from a New Hampshire high school library by order of the Nashua School Board. The Court decided for the student, teacher, and adult residents who had brought action against the school board had no legitimate reason to ban the Magazine. -
FREEDPM PF PETITION
United States v. Grace: Congress tried to isolate the U.S. Supreme Court from demonstations or lobbying on the court steps. But the high court held that the acts of distributing leaflets and carrying picket signs on the public sidewalk around the building were protected by the First Amendment. -
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
Santa Fe Ind. School District v. Doe: Student-initiated prayer at football games violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The Court decided that yes, it did violate this clause so it was banned. -
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
Pleasant Grove vs Summum: The American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ) represented the Utah city in a challenge to a display of the Ten Commandments in a city park. The court ruled that said private parties have a First Amendment right to put up the monuments of their choosing in a city park.