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G.I. Bill
Also known as the Servicemen's Readjustment Act. It all began when politicians wanted to avoid postwar confusion about veterans' benefits, which became a political football during the war. This bill provided for college or vocational education for returning WWII veterans as well as one-year of unemployment compensation and provision of loans to buy homes and start businesses. It aimed to reward members of armed forces for their service and avoid widespread unemployment and economic disruption. -
Iron Curtain
Winston Churchill would be the one that came up with this term in his speech. The iron curtain references a Cold War boundary that divided Western Europe, in which the United States dominated and the Soviet Union's Eastern European satellite nations. It was the Soviet's policy of isolation from the rest of the world and their western ideas. Therefore, the Soviets erected an ideological division and physical barricade of concrete and barbed wire to seal off the East from the west. -
Truman Doctrine
It was first announced to Congress by President Harry S. Truman as a Containment American policy that will help countries around the world that want to fight communism especially in the war-torn areas of Europe under the threat of turning to communism. This foreign policy states that the United States should give support by providing economic and military aid to countries or people that are threatened by Soviet forces or any communist insurrection/totalitarian ideology. -
Marshall Plan
The Secretary of State, George G. Marshall, first introduced it as a plan that was a massive systematic American economic aid through financial and technical assistance to war-torn European countries, in hopes to rebuild their economies after the destruction of WWII. It was an economic extension of the Truman Doctrine that was meant to stop communism from spreading in Europe. -
Duck and Cover
After the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949, the American public was understandably nervous and was aware of the destruction that individual atomic bombs did. So the Federal Civil Defense Administration implemented the duck and cover drills to educate people around the country on what to do in the case of a nuclear attack. Schoolchildren began to practice crawling under their desks and putting their hands over their heads to protect themselves from an atomic bomb attack. -
Fair Deal
President Harry S. Truman administered an ambitious set of domestic reform proposals to the Congress through his State of the Union address. He wanted this Fair deal to focus on health care, public housing, education & public works.So Truman called for higher minimum wage, housing, full employment, and included civil rights legislation and the repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act. However, only extensions of some New Deal programs were enacted (Housing Act of 1949 and the Social Security Act of 1950) -
Beat Generation
They were a group of American writers known as "beats" or "beatniks" who came to prominence in the 50s. They wrote about central elements of "Beat" culture which reject mainstream American values, experimentation with drugs and alternate forms of sexuality, and an interest in Eastern spirituality. They were "proto-hippies" that inspired and laid the foundation for war protests in the later 1960s. -
Elvis Presley
Elvis was born extremely poor but grew into someone who would make rock & roll a phenomenon in the 50s. He adopted rhythm & blues from African Americans and melds it with gospel and country. Elvis music was taken from African Americans like Big Momma Thornton "Hound Dog." He also created his own sexually suggestive dance style that offended millions of older Americans. He was an icon of popular culture, both in music and film. -
Television- TV shows
TV came to be the way people were entertained by things like TV shows. Most of these television shows portrayed ideals of the 1950s which were obedience and hard work. It was based on the traditional "white" families. TV shows include "I love Lucy" and "Father knows Best." People would clear their schedule to make time to watch "I love Lucy. This shows that TV shows were revolutionary in epitomizing television culture in the 50s. -
Television- News
TV would also bring news to the people across America if they had a television. It kept the citizens informed on what was happening around the world. There would usually be a morning news show every day, which people would begin to turn on their TV every morning to watch the updated news. This was revolutionary because people relied on the TV to get their news every morning. -
North Korea invades South Korea
This begins the Korean War, or in other words the Forgotten War. The North Koreans decided to invade the South with the help of the Soviet Union and China. The Soviets helped in hopes of diverting America's resources from Europe. They did a surprise attack and took over the capital, Seoul. Truman responded to this by having the United Nations to agree with him with sending troops to the South to fight the North Korean forces which were led by Douglas MacArthur. -
Television- Politics
Politicians began taking advantage of the power of TV like Kennedy. The Kennedy-Nixon debate was the first presidential debate on TV. This debate altered the scales during Nixon's and Kennedy's presidential campaign and demonstrated the importance of Television image. Kennedy's seriousness in looking and sounding well and professional on Television made people who watched the debate say that Kennedy would win. -
Bill Haley & the Comets
This rock and roll group were known for popularizing rock and roll in the early 1950s. Rock around the Clock Tonight was their first song to make Rock & Roll popular. Bill Haley was one of the many white artists who ripped Rock & Roll songs from black artists from the song Rocket 88. -
Polio Vaccine- Dr. Jonas Salk
Polio was disabling thousands of American children every year. American medical researcher, Dr. Jonas Salk announced on a national radio show that he successfully tested a vaccine against the polio virus that caused the crippling of people. -
Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed on this day. These two were found to be two Soviet spies sent to steal information and technology from the United States. After they were exposed for giving atomic bomb secrets to the Soviets, they were tried and then electrocuted. Their case was known to be the crime of the century and served to heighten American fears that a vast Soviet network of spies and sympathizers was operating in the United States (2nd Red Scare). -
Domino Theory
The United States believed that if one country fell to communism, the other nearby countries would fall into it as well. Eisenhower described it as dominos, therefore the Domino Theory. This theory caused the United States to fight communism in several countries, which cost a lot of money and lives. The Vietnam and Korean war might have not happened without this. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Landmark Supreme Court case that touched racial segregation in public schools and declared “separate but equal” unconstitutional. 7-year-old Linda Brown’s parents wanted her to go to a closer school. Led by Chief Justice Earl Warren that ruled that "separate but equal" schools for blacks were inherently unequal and thus unconstitutional, this overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision and energized the Civil Rights Movement in 1950s-60s. -
Emmett Till Tragedy
Emmett traveled to Money, Mississippi from Chicago to visit relatives since his mother wanted him to become accustomed to southern segregation. Accepted a challenge from his friends to ask a white girl out in a country store. He was falsely accused of flirting with white women and was kidnapped, brutally beaten, shot, and dumped into the Tallahatchie River by that white woman's husband and other men. They were tried for murder in front of a white jury and won. Beginning of civil rights movement. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott- Rosa Parks
Four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an african-american woman, was tired after a long day of working as a seamstress boards the back of the bus. A white man comes up and demands her seat and she refuses and she was arrested. She was fined for her actions 4 days later and sacked from her job at the department store. This became an icon of the quest for civil rights and. -
Little Richard
Little Richard was famous as an American musician, especially in the Rock & Roll Era. He was known for his song "Tutti Frutti" which was his first hit record. It was a model for many future Little Richard songs and also one of the models for Rock and Roll itself. Many other artists, mostly like whites like Pat Boone would rip off his song. -
Little Rock 9- Eisenhower intervention
Eisenhower intervenes knowing that the soviets were watching, decided to bring in the 101st airborne to protect the Little Rock Nine black students as they entered school (federal v. state). Eisenhower enforces the SCOTUS decision. First president since Reconstruction to use federal troops to protect rights of African American. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
This was meant to protect African-American voting rights across the country since southern whites were heavily resisting black voting rights(southern bloc). Eisenhower passed this bill to establish a permanent commission on civil rights with investigative powers but it did not guarantee a ballot for blacks, it had little effect and mostly symbolic. It was the first civil-rights bill to be enacted after Reconstruction which was supported by most non-southern whites. -
Sputnik
Sputnik was Soviet's first successful (artificial) satellite that was sent into Earth's orbit that put them in the lead of the Space Race. It was the size of a basketball that was very simple, making beeping radio signals. This made the Americans more fearful of falling behind to the Soviets and caused them create greater funds to improve education and forced the Eisenhower administration to increase defense spending and accelerate America's space program (NASA). -
Counter Culture- Hippies
The 1960s: they took the place of the Beat generation and proved to be very similar. They rejected middle-class values, renounced material possession and used drugs, explored their inner selves, rejected cars, suburbs, average jobs. They were about peace and living the moment without inhibition, and was into rock music. They were also against the Vietnam War. -
Counter Culture- feminism
Many women split from civil rights and look towards feminism, advocating women's rights on basis of equality of sexes. Betty Friedman's "The Feminine Mystique" believed women could do everything men could. This movement focused on equal treatment, opportunities, and pay. It also tries changing the mentality instead of legislating female equality. -
Black Power Movement
This starts when SNCC leader Stokely Carmichael was arrested marching to Jackson, Mississippi for slain Civil Rights leader. “We been saying freedom for six years, and now we ain’t got nothing. What we gonna start saying now is Black Power." Many young blacks of the SNCC began to reject the courage and patience displayed by MLK in his nonviolent response and began to fight with violence, conflicting with civil rights. -
Sit-ins: Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
The sit-ins were so successful that they encouraged youth participation across the nation. They became most active on the front lines with police and the civil rights wouldn't happen without them. One of the most important organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement. It emerged from a series of student meetings led by Ella Baker held at Shaw University. Inspired by MLK's nonviolent civil disobedience, focused on voting and used media effectively. -
New Frontier
President Kennedy's term to describe his new liberal and civil rights goals and policies during his administration. It aimed to jump-start the economy and trigger social progress. They were proposals to provide medical care for the elderly, to rebuild blighted urban areas, to aid education to bolster the national defense, to increase international aid, and to expand the space program.Congress didn't like it because it was too expensive and large. -
Peace Corps
This was a volunteer program founded by President Kennedy that includes the provision of technical assistance, helping people outside (in impoverished countries in Africa and Asia) the United States to understand American culture, and helping Americans to understand the cultures of other countries. It was also meant to promote world peace and friendship. -
Freedom Rides
They were civil rights activists(whites&blacks) who rode interstate buses into segregated deep southern states. It challenges Southern resistance to SCOTUS cases and wanted southerners to violently clash with them to force the government to do something. After the constant violence to these riders, Kennedy was prompted to administering protection for them and becoming more involved in civil rights. Inspired blacks around the world and inspired northern whites against segregationist south. -
Earl Warren Supreme Court
He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme court during the time where the SCOTUS was the most liberal in history. He chopped conservative tenements down like prayer in school, Jim Crow, Interracial marriage, Free Counsel for the accused, right to remain silent when arrested, and right to privacy concerning the use of contraception. He believed that the SCOTUS should be the center for the civil rights change, so he used a loose interpretation to expand rights for blacks and those accused of crimes. -
Birmingham - MLK’s Letter from Birmingham Jail
He was imprisoned as a participant in nonviolent demonstrations against segregation. Martin Luther King writes a letter stating his continued policy of non-violence, believing that it was the only way blacks could succeed. He said that "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere." It was a defense of nonviolent civil disobedience that has become a classic document of the civil rights movement. -
Assassination of JFK- Lee Harvey Oswald
Lee was an ex-marine with communist sympathies and was then defected to USSR and got married. He came back to the states with special permission and supposedly became known as the only shooter in the assassination. He was waiting on the 6th floor of the Texas School Book Depository building. He was killed, 2 days after being arrested by Jack Ruby. The day he was shot he said that "Nobody's going to shoot me." -
Assassination of JFK- Warren Commission
The commissioner was Chief Justice Warren.Ordered by President Johnson to investigate the assassination, but Kennedy's enemies were on the commission. They came to a conclusion that Oswald acted alone with no one else. Many disbelieve the findings of the commission. -
Assassination of JFK- Jack Ruby
Jack Ruby is a Dallas nightclub owner that shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald two days after he was arrested, claiming that he was avenging the death of JFK. He was convicted and eventually had to wait for a new fairer trial but died of cancer less than 4 years later, creating a larger conspiracy. -
Great Society
64-65: President Johnson's version of describing his Democratic set of domestic reform program that would reduce poverty and racial injustice and promote a better quality of life in the U.S. Congress passed many of its measures: Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. -
Ascendancy of Lyndon Johnson- Daisy Girl Ad
This was a controversial ad that plays to the fears of the Cold War mentality. It was Johnson's response to Goldwater's NATO comments(suggest willingness to use nuclear weapons in situations when others find acceptable) and shows that commanders should have authority to use nuclear weapons. It was an important turning point in political and advertising history and considered a factor in Johnson's landslide victory over Barry. -
Selma March
It was a protest march led by Martin Luther King from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama for voting rights, but ended up with violence on the Edmund Pettis bridge. Police met them with tear gas and clubs, and this would be known as "Bloody Sunday" (highly publicized and Americans in the North are shocked) Resulted in the voting rights act from President Johnson., guaranteeing Africans the right to vote. -
Tet Offensive
This was a series of major attacks by communist forces in the Vietnam War. It all began when the North Vietnamese launched this massive military offensive strike against the South Vietnamese towns and cities which caught them off guard since it came during the Vietnamese Lunar New Year celebration. The United States and the South Vietnamese forces rallied and in the next days delivered a crushing tactical defeat to the Viet Cong (north). This caused the U.S. to step up their involvement. -
Apollo 11
This was the spaceflight that carried the first few people to walk the moon and come back home safely. Those first few people were Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin Buzz Aldrin Jr. This mission was meant to explore space and meet the challenge of President John F. Kennedy. This was significant in the Race to Space against the Soviets since these men were the first people to walk on the moon. -
Stagflation
This term was given during the recession, the declining of the economy, that happened during the 70s and 80s. It describes the conflation of stagnation and inflation with the prices and unemployment rate rising together. The economy was suffering from the slowly growing rate and the people had less money to spend. -
Jimmy Carter's Presidency- Phyllis Schlafly on Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment was proposed on this date, designed to guarantee equal rights for all citizens regardless of gender. However, Phyllis Schlafly rejected this amendment for a number of reasons. She was a new right activist that protested the women's rights act and movements believing that it defies tradition and natural gender division of labor. She demonstrated the conservative backlash. -
Nixon's Presidency- Watergate
Nixon was found committing a scandal in which he was involved in the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and subsequently covered up the White House involvement. It revealed that he had a tape-recording system in his offices that recorded many conversations, which some revealed his attempt to cover up the illegal events that had taken place during his administration before and after the break-in. This will lead to a desire to impeach him. -
Nixon's Presidency- Title IX
It is a federal law that states "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance." In other words, it requires gender equality for boys in girls in every educational program that receives federal funding. This change the traditional norms. -
Heritage Foundation
This foundation consists of conservative ideas. It is a public policy that promotes the principles that made America great which are free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong national defense. This was from the interest of the conservative think-tank ideological group. -
Nixon's Presidency- Roe v. Wade
This case is a had a landmark decision made by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of abortion. A 25-year-old single woman tested the criminal abortion laws in Texas that forbade abortion as unconstitutional except when it's the case of risking the mother's life. So she went to court and the court justices ruled that governments lacked the power to ban abortions and made a 7-2 decision that women have a right to abortion during the 1st two trimesters. -
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
An OPEC oil embargo was created to cut off the supply of oil to protest the United States' relation with Israel. They did this because the OPEC sold to Israel's supporters daily and had the oil come from the Middle East itself. This had a negative impact to the United States in causing a worldwide oil shortage, rises on gas prices, and long lines at gas stations -
Gerald Ford's Presidency
His presidency was from August 9, 1974, to January 20, 1977. One of the most famous things Ford was known for was his pardoning of Richard Nixon from his Watergate scandal and all his crimes committed. The people were devastated by the Watergate scandal so they sought for a "regular guy" which Ford was to them. He also evacuated 500,000 Americans and Vietnamese from Vietnam and closed the war. -
Beginnings of the Personal Computer
They first came as kits. They are known as PC for short today. It was an electronic machine that performs calculations based on a set of instructions. The development made the computer more accessible to individuals with a long theoretical and technical background. The result was thousands of jobs, some in the manufacturing of computers and hardware. -
Jimmy Carter's Presidency- Camp David Accords
This was the peace accords signed by Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat to end the Israeli-Egyptian disputes. This was considered Cater's greatest achievement in the office. Egypt signed to recover their territory and free up resources that were devoted to the war. Both sides received military and financial aid. However, there was still conflict with other nations. -
Discount Retailing
It was the selling of products that were discounted from the original price. For instance, Discount stores dealt with discount retailing meaning it offered a broad variety of merchandise, limited service, and low prices. These discount stores confront intense competition from category specialist that focus on just one category. -
Election of 1980
It was between Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter in which Reagan won because of the Iranian hostage crisis and America's stagflation. Republican Reagan was very popular and easily won. Reagan steered domestic politics in a conservative direction and sponsored a huge military build-up. He modified some of the New Deal and Great Society, came up with Reaganomics, and made the political battlefield shift to the right significantly. -
A.I.D.S. Crisis
Became known as an epidemic. AIDs was diagnosed in the United States but didn't really receive much attention as it was perceived as a gay man's disease. AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power brought attention to the matter with the banner that said: "1 AIDS death every 8 minutes" hung at Grand Central at 5 pm. This makes the Gay rights movement change. -
Reaganomics
This policy sought to reduce taxes especially on the wealthiest Americans, weaken labor unions, deregulate businesses and economy, and cut environmental protections and workplace safety legislations. Wanted wealth to go down to the working class through private investment because this way it would inspire them to work harder to keep more of the money that they made. Overall, increased disparities in the wealth and minority workers negatively affected by overseas jobs, and huge budget deficit. -
Sandra Day O'Connor
She was appointed by Ronald Reagan to be the first woman to be in the Supreme Court. She became associate Justice from 1981 until 2006. -
Entertainment- Music Television (MTV)
It was a channel on television where it aired music videos. the first video to air was the "Video killed the Radio Star" by the Buggles. The channel showed and played all different genres including synthesized pop, pop music (all American/British). It was used as promotions at record companies' expense. This revolutionized how the music was consumed, usually by Americans and people around the world. -
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) “Star Wars”
President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative proposed the construction of an elaborate computer-controlled and anti-missile defense system that was capable of destroying enemy missiles. It was meant to be a plan for defense against the soviets. Doubters say that it could never be perfected. However, the program proved to be very expensive and hard to achieve. -
Reagan Doctrine
This doctrine opposed the global influence of the Soviets during the last years of the Cold War. The United States provided aid to the anti-communist guerrillas and resistance movements in an effort to cut down the Soviet-backed communist governments in other regions, opening doors for capitalism. Basically to counter and oppose communism globally. -
Iran Contra Affair
This was a scandal done by Reagan was uncovered after investigations. It revealed that Reagan had been selling weapons to the anti-American government in Iran to help secure the release of American hostages. It also showed that he has been using the profits from these sales to secretly and illegally finance the Contras in Nicaragua. -
Space Shuttle Program- Challenger Explosion
The space shuttle, Challenger, exploded after takeoff, killing everybody that was on board. The explosion was found to be caused by a faulty seal in the fuel tank. The effect was the shuttle program being on pause for a while for investigators and officials to draw up new safety regulations. It resumed in 1988 with the flight of the Discovery. -
Climate Change
During the 1970s, scientific opinion increasingly favored the warming viewpoint due to carbon dioxide. By 1990s, as a result of the improvement of computer models and observation work confirming the Milankovitch theory of the ice ages, a consensus position formed: greenhouse gasses were involved in climate change and humans were the cause of this. -
Persian Gulf War / 1st Iraq War
Persian Gulf War began with President George H. W. Bush’s buildup of troops and defense in Saudi Arabia in response to Iraq’s invasion and annexation of Kuwait. The western involvement due to the vulnerable oil fields of Saudi Arabia prior to Kuwait’s conquest by the Iraqi Army. Bush immediately activated Operation Desert Shield out of fear the Iraqi Army could launch an invasion of Saudi Arabia. Coalition forces eventually were victorious, liberating Kuwait and advanced into Iraqi territory. -
Black Entertainment Television (BET)
A television channel that is the most prominent television network targeting African-American audiences with about 88,255,000 American households receiving the channel. This channel formerly aired mainstream rap, hip-hop, and R&B music videos but now does a variety of stand-up comedy and news. Bet launched a news program, in 1988, with Ed Gordon as its anchor had a series called Black Men Speak Out: The Aftermath, related to the 1992 Los Angeles riots. -
Internet
Developed by Tim Berners-Lee; for people to share information. Because of this launch, business owners & capitalists were busy full-time, funding hundreds of new Internet concerns. People all over the world shared their interest, hopes, & dreams online, & the number of internet users is nearing billion. Wireless satellite networks help people find ways to connect. The internet became a mix of commercial sites, government information, & interesting pages built by people who want to share ideas. -
Rodney King
Rodney King was a taxi driver who was known for being beaten by LAPD officers following a high speed chase in 1991. Four officers were charged with assault with a deadly weapon and use of excessive force but three were acquitted of all charges. This led to the 1992 Los Angeles riots in which 55 people were killed and 2,000 were injured, ending only when the California national guard was called in. -
Bill Clinton's Presidency- World Trade Center Attack
An unsuccessful attempt to destroy the World Trade Center towers in 1993 using a car bomb in the parking garage. The motive was to protest Israel’s treatment of Palestinians and punish the U.S. for supporting Israel. Fortunately, the damage was not as bad compared to the attack later on, and the person who did this was caught. -
Bill Clinton's Presidency- Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Policy
The Don't Ask Don't Tell Policy was the official U.S. policy over military service by gays, bisexuals, and lesbians, established by the Clinton administration in 1994. This policy banned the LBGT community from enlisting into any military services. This sent an American message that discrimination was acceptable. -
North American Free Trade Agreement- NAFTA
The North American Free Trade Agreement was negotiated among the U.S., Canada and Mexico for the purpose of removing barriers to the exchange of goods and services among the three countries. Many countries without a trade agreement often find themselves entangle regarding taxes or tariffs. This also opens new ways of co-operation. -
Bill Clinton's Presidency- Lewinsky Affair
Also known as the Lewinsky scandal, was a political sex scandal which involved President Bill Clinton and a White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. Clinton lied under oath when asked in front of a court by a woman who claimed he committed sexual harassment. This eventually led to the debate of impeachment of President Clinton in 1998 by the House of Representatives. -
Bill Clinton's Presidency- Defense of Marriage Act
This was a federal law the, prior to being ruled unconstitutional, defined marriage as the union of one man and one woman, and allowed states to refuse same-sex marriages. However this law was overturned in 2013 as the Supreme Court ruled in Windsor v. U.S. that the Defense of Marriage Act was unconstitutional, for it denies the protections and responsibilities of marriage. -
Bush v. Gore
US Supreme Court decision that resolved the dispute about the 2000 presidential election. The Democratic Goe wanted a recount due to voting irregularities in three democratic counted. In a 5 to 4 decision, the Supreme Court decided to halt the recount and gave Bush the presidency. -
9/11 Attacks
On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airplanes and carried out suicide attack into several targets in the U.S. Two planes were flown into the towers of the World Trade Center, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside of Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed into a field in Pennsylvania. Many lives were lost and triggered major U.S. actions to combat terrorism. -
War on Terror
President George W. Bush started a war on terrorism after 9/11 to end the terrorist groups that attacked the U.S. and later overthrew Saddam Hussein’s rule in Iraq. The terrorist didn’t want western influence, so they found in their religious mission to kill Americans. The Iraq government collapsed and Hussein was captured and later executed. Ethnic religious differences begin to divide Iraq peoples. -
Patriot Act
The USA PATRIOT Act is an acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism. It was passed by Congress in response to the 9/11 attacks.It was first brought up by President George W. Bush. It was a ten letter abbreviation: "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001." -
No Child Left Behind Education Act
No Child Left behind is part of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act which sets high standards and accountability for student achievement to make sure that all children are caught up to 21st-century learning. The principles they lead on is accountability for results, more choices for parents, greater local control and flexibility, and an emphasis on doing what works based on scientific research. -
Hurricane Katrina Disaster
Hurricane Katrina did as much damage as it did and the Federal Government did not act quickly enough to prevent lives being lost. The result was near 2,000 deaths, and many homes lost due to the hurricane. Levees also broke and damaged much of New Orleans. -
The Great Recession
The Great Recession was a period of general economic decline observed in world markets during the late 2000s and early 2010s. In the summer of 2007, a financial crisis started in the United States and grew intense by 2009. By 2010, 8.5 million jobs were lost. Was later described with stagflation with an increasing rate of unemployment and prices. -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
The American Recover and Reinvestment Act was passed in 2009 to stimulate the U.S. economy by spending over 700 billion dollars to create new jobs and stop the economy from further deterioration. First introduced by President Barack Obama. It was meant to revive the economy in creating jobs, promoting investment, and consumer spending. -
First Hispanic SCOTUS Judge – Sonya Sotomayor
In May 26, 2009, Sonia Sotomayor became the first Latina and third woman in the Supreme Court Justice in U.S. history. The nomination was confirmed by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 68 to 31. -
Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was signed into law President Barack Obama in which hospitals and primary physicians would transform their practices financially, technologically, and clinically to drive better health outcomes, lower costs and improve their methods of distribution and accessibility. It was designed to increase health insurance quality and affordability, lower the uninsured rate by expanding insurance coverage and reduce the costs of healthcare.
