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Roanoke
Roanoke was established in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh. In 1587, Raleigh sent out for another group of 100 under John White. White went back to England for more supplies, but was delayed by the war with Spain. By the time he returned in 1590, everyone had vanished. The only clue left behind was the word "Croatoan" which was a name for an island, but when they went looking for them there, there were no signs of colonization.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roanoke-colony-deserted -
Jamestown
Jamestown was settled by the Virginia company in 1607. 150 Settlers came over but only 38 survived the first winter. Their settlement failed because they settled on a swamp, the men refused to work, and the winters were bad, and the Native Americans were not friendly. In 1612, John Rolfe and Pocahontas experimented with growing tobacco. Indentured servants were the first to work in the fields.https://www.historyisfun.org/jamestown-settlement/history-jamestown/ -
House of Burgesses
House of Burgesses was a representative assembly in colonial Virginia. It was assembled by Gov. George Yeardley at Jamestown. The original membership of the House of Burgesses was 22 representatives. https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Burgesses -
Great Migration
The Puritans migrated to America in 1620 for spiritual reasons. They set sail on the Mayflower and landed in Massachusetts.The Puritans were excited about starting their own colony because they were on the run from persecution. Most of the Puritans that moved were middle class families. The Puritans were highly educated and skilled. The first colony they established was the Plymouth Colony in New England. http://historyofmassachusetts.org/the-great-puritan-migration/ -
Mayflower/Plymouth/Mayflower Compact
The Plymouth Colony was settled by the Pilgrims in 1620. They came over on the Mayflower. After 65 days at sea, they arrived at Cape Cod. They were going to continue to sail, but then they decided to settle there. They ended up finding an abandoned Wamoanoag community which was deserted from disease that had natural resources. The Mayflower Compact established the Colony's government. This was the first self-government plan in the colonies.https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/plymouth -
New York
New York was part of the middle colony. It was settled by the Dutch in 1624. New York was originally named New Netherlands. The land was explored in 1611 by Henry Hudson for the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch were given large tracks of land so they could rent them out to tenant farmers. In 1664, the British sent ships to seize New Netherlands and the Dutch surrendered immediately. In 1673, the Dutch briefly recaptured the area.https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/new-york -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was settled by the Puritans in 1630. Their leader was Governor John Winthrope. The Puritan laws were tied in with the Puritan laws of the church. But Dissenters were a problem in the colony. They would face punishments if they went against the Puritan laws. By 1643, 20,000 English settlers joined the Puritan colony.https://www.britannica.com/place/Massachusetts-Bay-Colony -
Maryland
Maryland was a Southern Colony settled by Lord Baltimore in 1632. Maryland was settled as a proprietary colony which meant that the owner of the colony was a ruler, but not the British Monarchy. Baltimore died before he could do anything to the land, so his son Cecil took over and offered 100 acres of land to all married couples. The Toleration Act of 1649 granted religious freedom to all Christians living in Maryland.https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-settlement-of-maryland -
Connecticut
Thomas Hooker and a group of settlers from Massachusetts settled in Connecticut in 1636. Connecticut had the first written constitution in North America. Citizenship in Connecticut was based on land ownership and not on religion like Massachusetts was.https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/connecticut -
Rhode Island
Rhode Island was a New England colony settled by Roger Williams in 1636. Roger was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for speaking out against the authorities. He then founded Rhode Island where there were no religious persecutions of Christians.https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/rhode-island -
Maryland Toleration Act
The Maryland Toleration Act was established in 1649 by Lord Baltimore's son, Cecil. This act granted religious freedom to all Christians living in Maryland. https://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/868/maryland-toleration-act-of-1649 -
Carolina
Carolina was a Southern Colony settled by the 8 supporters of King Charles II in 1663. The Carolinas grew cash crops such as tobacco, indigo, and rice. There was easy access to trade in the West Indies. These cash crops were very labor intensive and required a large labor force. By 1720, African Slaves outnumbered the European settlers in the Carolinas 2:1.https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/pennsylvania -
Bacon's Rebellion
Bacon's Rebellion was the first colonial rebellion against royal control. It started in 1676 when Nathaniel Bacon raised an unauthorized militia to retaliate against the Native American attacks on the Virginia frontier. Governor Berkeley formed an army to fight against Nathaniel and his men. Scholars believe that Bacon had a personal vendetta against the governor or that he was financed by some people who wanted Berkeley out of power power.https://www.landofthebrave.info/bacons-rebellion.htm -
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania was a middle colony and was settled by William Penn in 1682. Penn established the colony as a "Holy Experiment". Every male received 50 acres of land and the right to vote. In the 1660's Penn became a Quaker and his colony soon became a haven for Quakers. https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/pennsylvania -
Salem Witch Trials
In the fall of 1692, a wave of hysteria swept across Salem village in Massachusetts. 150 people were imprisoned for witch craft, 7 died in jail, 19 women and men were hung, and one person was crushed to death. The trials ended up ending in 1692 when people started turning against the trials.https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/salem-witch-trials -
Great Awakening/ Enlightenment
The Great Enlightenment was a time where religion was becoming less formal and people were starting to focus more on scientific and logic view of the world. https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/great-awakening -
French-Indian War
The French-Indian war is most famously known as the 7 year war. This war was between the French and British. The war provided territorial gain for Great Britain. The dispute between the French and British was the land. Their territories were not well defined which caused confusion. The one area that caused major confusion was the upper Ohio River Valley. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/french-indian-war -
Albany Plan
The Albany Plan of Union was proposed by Benjamin Franklin. Franklin's plan to more effectively address shared colonial interests. The plan was proposed June 19 and the final version was adopted on July 10th. The plan ended up being rejected by King George II and the individual colonial governments. Even though it got rejected, it was one of the first official attempts to develop inter-colonial cooperation. https://www.americanhistorycentral.com/entries/albany-plan-of-union/ -
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763 was put into place at the end of the French-Indian war. This Proclamation closed down colonial expansion Westward. This proclamation is the main cornerstones of America's laws today.https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of -
Salutary Neglect
Saltury Neglect was the unofficial policy in the colonies that afftected Massachusetts greatly. The policy was an intentional lack of enforcement by the British government and trade laws in the colonies. http://historyofmassachusetts.org/what-was-the-british-policy-of-salutary-neglect/
