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Roanoke
In 1587, 100 men, women, and children settled on Roanoke Island under the leadership of John White. Soon after they settled on Roanoke Island, White returned to England to gather more supplies. When he arrived, the settlement was deserted, and the only thing he could find was the word "Croatoan" carved into a tree. White was certain that this message meant that the settlers were living with the Croatan Indians on Hatteras Island, but he never had the chance to find out. -notes- -
Jamestown
A joint stock company, the Virginia Company of London, established a colony in Virginia in 1607. During the first winter, many of the settlers died- only 38 of 150 survived. Many died due to the settlement being in a swamp, the men refused to work, and the winter was extremely harsh. Also the Native Americans were hostile and didn't want anyone on their land. Indentured servants were used in Jamestown to work the fields and later the first African slaves were used. -notes- -
House of Burgesses
In 1619, the first legislature made up of elected representatives in North America was established at Jamestown. Only property owners could vote to elect representatives to the House of Burgesses. The House assembled in the new colony of Virginia to discuss and address common issues and to pass laws. -notes- https://www.landofthebrave.info/house-of-burgesses.htm -
The Great migration
In 1620, the Pilgrims settled the Plymouth Colony because they wanted to get out of England because they weren't able to believe and participate in the religion they wanted to. About 100 passengers including 35 Pilgrims set sail on the Mayflower for a location near the Hudson River. After 65 days at sea, the Mayflower set anchor at Cape Cod. They decided not to continue the journey and instead look for a suitable area to settle nearby. This marks the beginning of The Great Migration. -notes- -
Mayflower/Plymouth/Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower was an English ship that transported the first Pilgrims, from England to the New World in 1620. After 65 days at sea, the Mayflower set anchor and they decided to not continue the journey. The Mayflower Compact established the foundation for the colony's government. It was the 1st self gov. plan in the colonies and it pledged that the decisions would be made by the will of the majority of the colony's men. By 1627, there were 160 people living in the Plymouth Colony. -notes- -
New York
New York is a middle colony. It was settled by the Dutch in 1624. The Dutch called the area New Netherlands. Henry Hudson explored the area in 1611 for the Dutch Eat India Company, giving the Netherlands its claim to the territory. The Dutch used the "Patroon" System to promote settlement. -notes- -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
In 1630, the puritans settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony. With a charter from King Charles I, about 1000 Puritans settled in Massachusetts. They were led by Governor John Winthrop who believed, "We shall be as a city upon a Hill. The eyes of the people are on us." The Puritan laws that governed the colony were tied to the beliefs of the Puritan church. This colony became the largest and most influential New England colony eventually swallowing up the Plymouth Colony. -notes- -
Maryland
Southern Colony, settled by Lord Baltimore in 1632. Lord Baltimore was a Catholic who convinced King Charles I to grant him 100 million acres for persecuted Catholics to settle. Maryland was settled as a proprietary Colony (the owner of the colony was the ruler, not the British King or Queen.) Baltimore died, and his son took over. He offered 100 acres to every married couple who settled in Maryland. Protestants took advantage of his offering this Catholic haven became mostly Protestant. notes -
Rhode Island
New England Colony, settled by Roger Williams and his supporters in 1635. Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for speaking out against gov. authorities punishing religious dissension and against the confiscation of Native American land. He founded Rhode Island where there was no religious persecution of Christians. Rhode Island is the place of seeds of freedom of religion are planted. -
Connecticut
Connecticut is a New England Colony. It was settled by Thomas Hooker in 1636. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was created, It was the first written constitution in North America. Unlike Massachusetts, citizenship was based on land not religion. -notes- -
Maryland Toleration Act
The Toleration Act of 1649 granted Religious Freedom to all Christians living in Maryland. It allowed Nonconformists their own places of worship and their own teachers and preachers. However Nonconformist were still denied political office. That led to occasional conformity, but in 1711 the Occasional Conformity Act imposed fines on anyone who, was found worshiping at Nonconformist meetinghouses. https://www.britannica.com/event/Toleration-Act-Great-Britain -
Carolina
Southern colony settled by supporters of King Charles II in 1663. King Charles II granted 8 supporters land in the Carolinas. With easy access to the trade in the West Indies, people settled in the Carolinas to grow cash crops like rice, indigo, and tobacco. By 1720, African slaves outnumbered European settlers in the Carolinas 2:1. In 1729, Carolina became a Royal colony and was split into North and South Carolina. -notes- -
Bacons Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon raised an unauthorized militia of indentured servants, slaves, and poor farmers to retaliate against a series of Native American attacks on the Virginia Frontier. In response, Virginia Governor William Berkeley gathered an army to fight against Bacon. It was the first colonial rebellion against Royal Control. Due to the Rebellion, laws making Africans hereditary slaves we passed and white farmers/landowners were given more rights, but the planter class remained in power. -notes- -
Pennsylvania
Middle Colony settled by William Penn in 1682. In 1681, King Charles II granted Penn a charter for the colony of Pennsylvania. Penn established The colony as a “Holy Experiment,” A place without a landowning aristocracy where every male settler received 50 acres and the right to vote. In the 1660’s, William Penn became a Quaker and his colony soon became a haven for Quakers. The Quakers were established in 1647, but was not formally organized until 1668. -notes- -
Salem Witch Trials
When you girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused some local women of witchcraft, a wave of hysteria swept though the area. 150 people were imprisoned for witchcraft, 7 died in prison, 19 men and women were found guilty and hung and 1 person was crushed to death for refusing to testify. The hysteria ended in September 1692 with public opinion turning against the trials. -notes- -
Great Awakening/Enlightenment
The Great Awakening started in 1730 .It was when religion in America was coming back, mainly Christianity. More people such as Johnathan Edwards were preaching about God, and how it important it is to have faith. Also other key preachers would talk about how man was born into sin, and that the people need to ask for his forgiveness. The Great Awakening lasted about 10 years and came to a stop in 1740s. https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/great-awakening -
Albany Plan
The Albany Plan was a plan to place a British North American colonies under a more centralized government. On July 10, 1754, representatives from the British North American colonies adopted the plan. Despite that the plan was adopted, legislatures of all seven colonies rejected it because it would have taken away there own powers. Due to this rejection, the plan was never submitted to the British crown for approval. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-albany-plan-of-union-4128842 -
French-Indian War
War between Britain and France. When France expanded and started to use the Ohio River, tensions started to rise with France and Britain. Then in 1756 Britain declared war. By 1763 the Treaty of Paris ended the war and Britain was rewarded with a good amount of land such as Canada and Florida. https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/french-and-indian-war -
Proclamation of 1763
This was between the British Empire and King George III. The Proclamation of 1763 didn't allow anymore settlement west beyond the Appalachian mountains. The Proclamation of 1763 was mainly put into place so the colonists were protected from the Indians, and so the Indians didn't fight the white settlers. https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary neglect was a British policy where trade regulations for the colonies were barely enforced and imperial supervision of internal colonial affairs was loose. This was only if the colonies remained loyal to the British government and contributed to the economic profitability of Britain. The neglect contributed involuntarily to the increasing freedom of colonial legal and legislative institutions. https://www.britannica.com/topic/salutary-neglect
