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Jim Crow Laws
Segregation laws -
Civil Disobedience
Henry David Thoreau- the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. -
13th Amendment
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -
Black Codes
Laws that had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. -
15th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
14th Amendment
Included former slaves recently freed. In addition, it forbids states from denying any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” It was protection to Civil Rights. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
he Court avoided discussion of the protection granted by the clause in the 14th Amendment that forbids the states to make laws depriving citizens of their “privileges or immunities,” but instead cited such laws in other states as a “reasonable” exercise of their authority under the police power. -
Hector P. Garcia
Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum. -
Lynching
to put to death, especially by hanging, by mob action and without legal authority. -
CORE
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) became one of the leading activist organizations in the early years of the American Civil Rights Movement. -
Stokely Carmicheal
became a prominent figure in the Civil Rights Movement and the global Pan-African movement. -
Non-violent Protest
Caused definite tension, which gained national attention from the peaceful and harmful protests. -
Brown VS Education
The supreme court ruled that it's unconstitutional to separate people (unanimously) in schools based on race. The Schools were integrated with all deliberate speed. An example of this is "Remember the Titans" -
Rosa Parks
as an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". -
Montgomery bus boycott
African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. -
Emmett Till
14-year-old African-American who was lynched in Mississippi after a white woman said she was offended by him in her family's grocery store. -
SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is a civil rights organization that was responsible for the 381- day boycott against the Montgomery Buses. -
Little Rock Nine
A group of nine African American students that were first integrated into white public schools and enrolled in Little Rock Central High School. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Voting Rights Bill -
Martin Luther King Jr.
American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Sit-ins
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina, -
Freedom Riders
Silent Protest with White and Black protestors sitting together on the buses. All 328 young people were beaten and thrown in jail. -
Cesar Chavez
American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association -
Ole Miss Integration
An African-American man named James Meredith attempted to enroll at the University of Mississippi. Chaos briefly broke out on the Ole Miss campus, with riots ending in two dead, hundreds wounded and many others arrested, after the Kennedy administration called out some 31,000 National Guardsmen and other federal forces to enforce order. -
Betty Friendan
American writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, -
George Wallace
American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat. -
March of Washington
More than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington, D.C., for a political rally known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom; famous "I Have A Dream" speech was given. -
U of Alabama Integration
When African American students attempted to desegregate the University of Alabama. The new governor, flanked by state troopers, literally blocked the door of the enrollment office. -
Affirmative Action
began as a plan to equalize the educational, employment, and contracting opportunities for minorities and women with opportunities given to their white, male counterparts. -
Desegregation
The process by which racial segregation is eliminated in all schools. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
US Labor Laws -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This protected African Americans so that they were able to exercise their right to vote under the 15th Amendment -
Watts Riots
Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, racial tension reaches a breaking point after two white policemen scuffle with a black motorist suspected of drunken driving. A crowd of spectators gathered near the corner of Avalon Boulevard and 116th Street to watch the arrest and soon grew angry by what they believed to be yet another incident of racially motivated abuse by the police. This was five days of continues violence -
Black Panthers
A revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton -
Thurgood Marshall
was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. -
Orval Faubus
American politician who served as 36th Governor of Arkansas. -
Lester Maddox
American politician who served as the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. -
Title IX
comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity. -
13th Amendment
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Originally, made in 1789
