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Scott v. Sanford
A slave named Dred Scott resided in a free state, but was entitled to his freedom he had in that free state because the Supreme Court ruled that slaves, and therefore Dred Scott, was considered property and have no freedom. -
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Reconstruction & Reconstruction Amendments
The Reconstruction was the time after the Civil War. When the Southern States that were part of the Confederacy were reunited into the United States, the federal government sent military troops to stay in the South. In the Reconstruction Era, the 13th A. was added to officially abolish slavery in the U.S., the 14th A. was added to guarantee equal protection and the 15th A. gave citizens the right to vote, but not women. -
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Jim Crow Era
During the Jim Crow Era, many laws, called Jim Crow Laws, were created to enforce racial segregation in the South. Began at the end of the Reconstruction and ended at the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. Some examples of the Jim Crow Laws are segregated train cars and drinking fountains/restrooms. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy boarded a white only train car, knowing he was getting arrested. The Supreme Court allowed the segregation of train cars because of the equal protection clause because they are both equally separated. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment gave the right for women to vote for the first time in history. -
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Scottsboro Boys
Nine African American boys were accused of raping two Southern females in Alabama. They were denied many rights and convicted guilty. Some of the boys were released, and some stayed in jail until they were pardoned. -
George Stinney Case
A 14-year old named George Stinney was accused of murduring two young girls. The jury convicted him and gave him the death penalty in ten minutes. The case is important to history because it shows how the government violated the young boy's rights. -
Brown v. Board
The right for African Americans to attend white schools was denied. The Supreme Court ruled that racially segregated schools was unconstitutional. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Act of 1964 created specific protected classes - race, religion, gender, and age. If a state discriminated against the protected classes, then they would lose their federal funding. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Voting Rights Act of 1965 made certain localities must get prior approval from the federal government before changing the voting law -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, national origin and made it a federal crime to “by force or by threat of force, injure, intimidate, or interfere with anyone. -
California v. Bakke
A University sets aside 16 of 100 seats for non-whites. White student sued because of the Equal Protection Clause. Affirmative Action programs do not automatically violate EPC, but rigid quota systems do. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the white student. -
Meredith v. Jefferson Co Board
A county in Kentucky wanted to integrate their schools by having more than 15 percent and less than 50 percent of Black students attend each school. The Supreme Court ruled it as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause because some students were denied into some schools -
Shelby County v. Holder
Shelby County, Alabama filed suit in district court and sought both a declaratory judgment that Section 5 and Section 4 are unconstitutional and a permanent injunction against their enforcement. The Supreme Court ruled it imposes burdens that are no longer responsive to the current conditions in the voting districts. The decision eliminated the preclearance enforcement.
