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Dred Scott v. Sandford
In Missouri, Dred Soctt (Enslaved person), filed a lawsuit in the Missouri court for freedom. He calimed that since he resided in free territory it made him a free person. 7-2 Decision declaring Scott as a slave. -
14th Amendment
This amendment states that the Goverment (state or federal) cannot deprive a person from life, liberty, or property, without a due process of law. Also no Goverment can deny anyone of equal protection of the law. -
13th Amendment
House Republican James Ashley of Ohio introduces the amendment which states,"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, excelt as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Meaning slavery was no longer "legal" under the consititution unless it is used as punishment. -
15th Amendment
Passed by Congress 02/26/1869 but ratified 02/3/1870, this Amendment granted the right for African American men to vote. Prohibiting the Federal Gov't from denying these citizens the right to vote based on race, color, or previous "ownership." -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Landmark ruling that stated that racial segregation laws were not violating the U.S. Constitution as long as every thing was "seperate but equal' -
19th Amendment
This amendment focuses on the right of citizens in the United States in voting. Stating that no one can be denied by the U.S. or state based on sex. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court ruled that seperation children in public school based on race is unconstituitonal. This ended racial segregation in schools of the U.S. -
24th Amendment
This Amendment eliminated poll taxes. Ratified on 01/23/1964. This abolished/forbidded federal and state goverments from tacing votes during federal elections. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Congress passes this Public Law that prohibited discrimination on basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national orgin. This also prohibited discrimination in the work place such as race in hiring, promotion, and firing. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Signed on 08/06/1965 by President Lyndon Johnson, this Amendment outlawed discrimination in voting. Including literacy test as a requirment for voting. -
Affirmative Action
This helped benefit marginalized groups of people to get into colleges which were mostly ALL WHITE. But it also helped benefit these people outside of colleges. -
Equal Rights Amendment
This Amendment sought to end legal distnctions between men and women under divorce, property, employment, etc. -
Title IX
Title IX is a federal civil rights law landmark in the U.S. whcih prohibited discrimination based on sedx in schools and education programs reciving funding from the federal goverment -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the U.S which included a dispute of affirmative action, allowed race to be a factors in college admission process. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Landmark ruling (5-4) stated the 14th amendment could not prevent states from criminalizing privated (sexual) conduct in same sex marriages -
Americans with Disabilties Act
This act prohibits discrimantion based on disability. Set in 1990. -
Shelby County v. Holder
This ruling was a turning point for voting in the U.S. The Supreme Court invalidated "constitutional grounds" in section 4b of the Voting Rights Act. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
A landmark ruling of the Supreme Court which stated marriage is a guarantee to same-sex couples by Due Process and Clause (Equal Protection) under the 14th Amendment. -
Voter ID Laws
36 states created laws requiring voters to show proof of identification at voting polls.