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13th Amendment
The 13th amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. -
14th Amendment
The 14th amendment gave citizenship to every person born on U.S. soil and equally protected the rights of all Americans. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment granted the right to vote to everyone (especially African Americans) and someone cannot be denied because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
Poll Taxes
Poll taxes surprisingly taxed the right to vote and was mainly used by southern states to attempt to prevent African Americans from voting. -
Literacy Tests
Literacy tests were added in the late 19th century to the suffrage process and along with poll taxes it attempted to weed out the African American population from voting. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow train car and he went to court but Criminal Courts Judge John Ferguson upheld the state law. They took it to the Supreme Court and was overturned due to the 13th and 14th amendments. -
Jim Crow
Started in the 1877 and ending in the late 1960's, Jim Crow laws helped to segregate whites and blacks mainly in the southern states, but they were present all through America. -
19th Amendment
The 19th amendment granted suffrage to all and they can no longer turn someone away for their sex, so it ultimately granted women's suffrage. -
Korematsu v. U.S.
This granted the right to place American's of Japanese decent in internment camps during WWII. -
Sweatt v. Painter
Sweatt is an African American who applied to the University of Texas Law School and was soon denied because he was a black man, He took this all the way to the Supreme Court arguing the "separate but equal clause" established by Plessy v. Ferguson. In a unanimous decision they ruled the Sweatt should be admitted to the Texas Law School. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This was a huge case in U.S. History and ruled that segregation of schools was unconstitutional and violated the 14th Amendment. This led the way to schools becoming integrated where blacks and whites begin to live in unison -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Started by Rosa Parks, the Montgomery Bus Boycott lasted 13th months and was considered a political and social protest against the Montgomery transit system. -
Affirmative Action
This is a policy of the U.S. Government where they tried to increase the number of women, African Americans, and other minorities in jobs that are dominated by the white male. Their race and color would actually help them get a job instead of getting discriminates against for it. -
JFK addresses nation on Civil Rights
JFK addressed the nation on everyone's Civil Rights and wanted to make prevalent to everyone that we are all equal and reiterate the teachings of MLK. -
24th Amendment
The 24th amendment abolished the poll tax across America making it free to vote again. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act ended segregation in public places while also making it illegal to discriminate someone based on their color, race, gender, or nationality when being interviewed for a job. -
DuJure/DeFacto Segregation
This segregation is merely by chance and coincidence. The schools do not mean to segregate, but by default it does based on where you live and things like that. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This Act did away with restrictions when voting such as, literacy tests that attempted to weed out the black population from voting. -
Robert Kennedy Speech in Indy about MLK death
When Robert Kennedy addressed Indianapolis about the assassination of MLK many did not even know he had been killed and this became a really hard realization for many Americans. -
Reed v. Reed
Sally Reed argued that Idaho's probate law discriminated against women, and the Supreme Court ruled for the first time that the 14th Amendment protected the rights of women too. -
Equal Rights Amendment
This Amendment gave men and women the same rights and no sex is superior when it comes to divorce, property, employment, or any other circumstances. -
Title IX
Title IX made all educations systems follow the same rules when it comes to admitting people based on their sex, and they cannot omit or discriminate against a person's sex in an educational system. -
Regents of Cal v. Bakke
The Supreme Court ruled the the U. of Cal's use of "racial quota's" was against the constitution, but through the affirmative action they could allow this to an extent. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
The Supreme Court ruled that Georgia's law against sodomy was constitutional, and that when Hardwick engaged in homosexual actions he should be criminalized for this. IT was then overturned in 2003. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The ADA prohibited the discrimination of men and women with disabilities in public life like schools, jobs, or any place a person can visit freely. -
Lawrence v. Texas
In 2003 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Texas' sodomy law was unconstitutional due to American's right of privacy and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. This was a landmark case that changed everything. -
Fisher v. Texas
The University of Texas used race when deciding whether or not someone could be admitted which was deemed constitutional at the time, but Fisher took it to court. The Supreme Court overturned the earlier verdict and ruled that the U. of Texas' actions were unconstitutional. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
In this case the Supreme Court ruled that same sex couples had the right to marry due to the Equal Protection and Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment.
