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1500
"Pre Contact" California
California before the Spanish and other Europeans arrived in the 16th century. -
1534
Council of the Indies
1524-1834
Council of the Indies governed the Spanish Empire.
This guaranteed efficient administration and the incorporation of large foreign lands into the Spanish Empire. -
1542
European Exploration Period
1542-1769
Searched for wealth -
1551
Debate at Valladolid
First debate to discuss the rights of Indigenous people. Important to the rights and treatment of Indigeneous people. -
Expulsion of Society of Jesus
1759-1784
All members of the Jesuits were removed from Western Europe. Important because it led to major changes in colonial administration. -
21 Missions were established
San Diego 1769
San Carlos 1770
San Antonio de Padua 1771
San Gabriel 1771
San Fransisco 1823
This helped the indigenous people get more accustomed to Christianity, Spanish culture, and colonial influence. -
Spanish Colonial Period
1769-1821 -
Presidio Established
Spanish army officer Jose Francisco Ortega (7 officers, 34 soldiers, ~10 Indian ”attendants”) established Presidio -
Northwest Ordinances
This was a series of laws passed between 1785 and 1789, and its plan was to add states to the Union. -
Mission Santa Barbra Founded
construction began in 1787 -
Measles Epidemic
The measles spread throughout the missions of California, the Chumash had never experienced this so it was deadly to them. This had a significant negative influence on their societies and aggravating the societal and cultural changes brought about by European colonialism. -
Spain Convenes Cortes of Cadiz
Indigenous and colonial representation
Outlines plan for indigenous freedom & full citizenship throughout Spanish Empire -
Russian Settlement
at Fort Ross, Mendocino coast
1812-1841
They liked this region for its fertile land and animal supply. -
Spanish Constitution
Indigenous and colonial-born subjects granted full citizenship. This constitution allowed universal male suffrage. Important because it allowed for a push of independence in Latin America -
Mexico Gains Independence
Gained Independence from Spain because they lacked money and troops. They also thought political independence would help maintain their position. This was important because it ended Spanish Colonial rule. -
Mexican Period
1821-1848 -
Mexico Codifies Land Grant Process
No transfer to Missions
Limited to 50,000 acres
Don’t impinge on non-Christian tribal
lands -
Sacking of Santa Ynez
War spreads to other missions in Chumash area -
Trapping Party Detained in San Diego
Allowed to settle in southern California – one is a silversmith & watchmaker -
Trapping Party Nearly Perishes in Sierras
they make it to Los Angeles, three stay; commerce & banking experience (Yount) -
Indian Slave Trade
Colonists would purchase Native Americans and use them for labor. Most of them were children. This disrupted their societies and brought a decline to demographics. -
New Mexicans Settle Near San Bernadino
Colony of New Mexicans settle near San Bernardino to
engage in consumer goods trade between California & Taos -
Taos trapper Ewing Young
Returns to New Mexico after a yearlong trip, tells of Californios’ desires for consumer goods. This was a big deal because it led to more American commerce and trapping in the area. -
4/11 Men Settle in LA
Four of 11 men of a Taos trapping party abandon group
and settle in Los Angeles, they marry local women -
Government Secularized the Mission Churches
law that directed the closure of California missions. Instructed by the Congress of Mexico -
Secularization
All neophyte families to get mission land
Surplus to go to gente de razon (Californios)
Accelerated transition to hide-and-tallow trade
Limits of Californios
Led to a decline of the mission systems influence. -
Neophytes Return to Villages
(northern California), migrate to pueblos (southern
California) -
Grants Awarded
Most grants to foreigners were awarded after 1840. Important because they accelerated American colonization in the West, increasing hostilities with Native American tribes and Mexican landowners -
Bidwell-Bartleson Party
Captain John Bartleson and John Bidwell, were the first American emigrants to attempt a wagon crossing from Missouri to California. It helped establish new routes and created a model for further westward migration -
Treaty of Cahuenga
This resulted in a ceasefire between Californios and Americans, ended the War in California. -
California Gold rush
Gold was found by James W. in Sutter’s Mill, American
River, Coloma. Gold seekers began to make their way to California to look for gold, aprox 300,000 people came during this time. The gold rush ultimately transformed the economy. -
Gold and Genocide Period
1848-1855 -
Gold Rush Phase 1
Began in Spring of 1848, where it was mostly the locals who rushed to regions in hopes of finding gold. -
Gold Rush Phase 2
"Pacific Rim" Phase 2 went from Summer and Fall of 1848. They experienced miners from Latin America, some from China;
Hawaiian laborers -
Gold Rush Phase 3
1849-1854. National and International. Less experienced miners from China & Europe, but primarily from the U.S. -
Pacific Railroad Act
a federal act that was passed during the Civil War which gave grants of land to railroad companies so that they could begin to build transcontinental railroads throughout the US -
Railroads Created
Lincoln signed the Pacific railroad Act in 1862, allowing the construction of the railroad eastward of Sacramento. Transformed transportation and allowed for rapid development of trade, living, and industrialization throughout the country. -
Los Angeles Chinese Massacre
A large group of white and Latino American men attacked, robbed and killed the Chinese residents of the area we now know as "Chinatown" -
Clay Street Cable Car
First cable car opened, and it brought public transportation to many. -
The Workingmen's Party
Led by Denis Kearney, J. D. Day, and L. Knight and their famous slogan is know as "The Chinese Must Go!" -
Sandlot Rallies
groups of laborers met in a sandy lot of Chinatown and protested in favor of the strikers -
Mussel Slough Tradegy
This was a dispute between settlers and the Southern Pacific Railroad where they fought over land tittles. -
Industrial California and the Rise of Progressivism
1895-1920 -
"Free Harbor Fight"
Dispute between Californias senator and a large railroad company. Los Angeles was made a "free" harbor, which meant it was independent from the influence of the Southern Pacific railroad. 1896-1907 -
Progressive Movement
started in 1897 and lasted through the 1920's. The goal was to further social and political reform. They also aimed to limit the way large cooperations could politically influence. -
Imperial San Fransisco
19th Century -
Sf Graft Trials
lasted from 1906-1907 and attempted to prosecute public officials in San Fransisco for graft and other political corruption -
Earthquake of the San Andreas Fault
Destroyed much of San Fransisco, and started fires around the city that burned for a duration of 3 days. -
Raker Act
This act permitted the damming of Hetch Hetchy Valley -
Home Teacher Act
Volunteers were sent to the homes of immigrant families and invited them to their English speaking sewing and cooking classes. All in hopes of bringing Americans closer together. -
Child Labor Ban (under 14)
This banned the sale of products manufactured by any child under the age of 14. -
18th Amendment Ratified
The 18th Amendment established the prohibition of alcohol in the US. It was later ratified by the vote of California. -
19th Amendment
Prohibited the US from denying women the right to vote -
Women's Suffrage Movement
Women's suffrage supporters marched, rallied, and lectured in order to achieve a change in the Constitution. -
Immigration Act
federal law the limited the amount of immigrants allowed to enter the US -
Great Depression Period
-
World War II period
1939-1945 -
Labor Shortages
appear in 1940, and intensify later -
:"Braceros" Arrive
They came as guest workers
Braceros were excused from discrimination of "white" areas -
War Production Boards were established
Manages military, and farm production. Local boards composed of beurocrats that help you find jobs, however you cant quit. If you quit, they will send you to military. -
Executive Order 9066
calls for removal of people of Japanese descent
they were placed in internment camps -
Mexican Farm Labor Agreement
1942-1964
This was created to bring migrants from Mexico to the US in order to help the labor shortage caused by World War II -
Zoom Suit Riots
White sailors invaded Latino LA, they would attack young men who they saw wearing zoot suits because they thought it was wasting fabric. -
Port Chicago Disaster
320 killed, 400 injured
Explosion that occurred, most of those who were killed and injured were African American. -
Port Chicago “Mutiny”
Black sailors refused to return to site after explosion. -
Gonzalo Mendez sues Westminster School District
Sues for racial segregation in public schools -
population grows from 7M-9.5M
"second great migration"
veterans returned from war
guest workers "braceros" -
1959 Freeway Act Passed
$10.5 billion for transportation -
Burns Porter Act
$1.75 billion bond measure
financed the construction of State Water Project -
Fair Employment Practices Act
prohibits employers and labor unions from discriminating against workers, bill authored by Augustus Hawkins -
Unruh Civil Rights Act
prohibits discrimination by businesses, provides for victims to sue for damages in state courts -
Donohoe Act
"Higher Education Act"
Established the Trustees of the California State College.
This laid the foundation for current educational governance in the state. -
freeway contructions began
San Diego 405 : 1961-1969
Golden State 5 : 1964
Santa Monica 10: 1961-1964
Foothill 210: 1966
San Gabriel 605: 1964-1971 -
Rumford Fair Housing Act
Racial discrimination in housing was prohibited. This advanced civil rights movements in California and worldwide. -
Proposition 14 Passed
Allowed discrimination in housing, however it was later turned. -
Modern California Period