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Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusades
It is a Holy War. It was a war between Christians and Muslims. It was aimed to recover the Holy Land. Pope Urban II called for the first crusade. Even though they tried for two centuries it was a failure. -
1300
Start of the Renaissance
French Word for "Rebirth". Studied the greeks and romans. Humanism comes about. Arts are more popular. Began in Florence -
Period: Nov 7, 1337 to 1453
Hundred Years War
Lasted 116 years. Fought between England and France. Fought over succession of the French Throne. House of Valois retains the French throne. About 2.5 million people died. -
1346
Black Death Begins in Europe
Widespread epidemic. Came on trade ships from Asia. Carried by fleas on rats. 75 to 200 million people died. KiIlled 30%-60% of Europe's population. -
May 30, 1431
Joan of Arc Burned at the Stake
Joan was a peasant who became the savior of France. She was burned for heresy. She was not allowed into the army at first. She died at 19 years old. Instructed a priest to hold a crucifix high up so she could shout prayers. -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
Used movable metal letters. Made books more accessible. First book he published was the Bible. Inspired Reformation. Helped print Marco Polo book. -
1453
Fall of Constantinople
Ottomans invaded. Ottomans won the battle. Ottomans were commanded by 21 year old. 53 day siege. Marked the end of the Byzantine empire. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
To keep people catholic. In Spanish colonies and territories. It even extended to the america's. Intended to identify heretics. Many were tortured. -
Period: 1492 to
Columbian Exchange
Exchange of goods from old to new world. Also exchanged diseases. Cattle was brought to the Americas. Brought fruits to old world. Brought livestock to new world. -
Oct 12, 1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
Set sail August 3 1492. Took three small ships. First reached Bahamas. Next he hit Cuba. Believed he was in India. -
Period: 1502 to
Slave Trade
10 million africans enslaved. Used mainly on plantations. Later would be exchanged for merchandise. Mainly from Africa to America. Portuguese were first to take part in this trade. -
1504
Mona Lisa Completed
Painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. Painting of a women. Nobody knows if she is smiling or not. Painted in Florence, Italy. Property of the French Republic. -
1508
Michelangelo Begins Painting the Sistine Chapel
Painted the Ceiling. Took him 4 years. Painted on a round ceiling very high up. Features scenes from book of Genesis. Painted on commission by Pope Julius II. -
Period: Apr 21, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
Had six wives. Wanted his first marriage annulled. He was Catholic. King of England. Almost put him self in debt due to wars. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther Posts 95 Theses
Main focus was Indulgences. Nailed to Wittenberg Castle Church door. Believed you were saved by faith. Sparked the Protestant Reformation. Divided Catholic Church. -
1521
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
Took Mexico for Spain. Took two year to conquer after finding Mexico. Colonized Cuba. Governor of New Spain. -
1532
"The Prince"
Book written by Niccolò Machiavelli. Written in Italian. First works of modern philosophy. Relatively short book. Justifies immoral means if they are to achieve glory and survival. -
Period: 1533 to
Ivan the Terrible's Reign
Took the title of "Tsar of all Russians". Ruled all the way until his death. Ruled over 1,560,000 square miles. Also called Grand Prince of Moscow. Took mercury. -
Period: Sep 7, 1533 to
Queen Elizabeth Reign
Queen of England and Ireland. Queen until her death. Last monarch of house of Tudor. Daughter of Henry VIII. During her reign plays and English drama flourished. -
Period: 1545 to
Counter Reformation
Also called catholic reformation. Begins with council of Trent. Ends with thirty years war. Response to the Protestant Reformation. Properly trained priests. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
Temporary settlement in Holy Roman Empire. Prince would determine countries religion. Could practice either religion. Could emigrate. Calvinists were ignored. -
Spanish Armada
Fleet of 130 ships. It was to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I. Sir Francis Drake stopped the fleet. Assembled by Phillip II. The next year England launched a counter campaign. -
Edict of Nantes
Signed by Henry IV of France. Gave the Huguenots more rights. France was still mostly catholic. Offered general freedom. Marked the end of the religious wars. -
Period: to
Era of Samurai
Warriors of Japan. Very skilled. Carried a bow. Carried two swords. Abolished in 1867. -
William Shakespeare's Death
Died on 52nd birthday. Famous writer and play writer. Cause of death is unknown. Died shortly after purchasing new house. Made 1700 words. -
Petition of Rights
Sets up rights the King can't infringe on. It included non-parliamentary taxation. Also included martial law. Followed King Charles I execution. In response the House of commons set of four resolutions. -
King Charles Executed
He was beheaded.He was executed on a Tuesday. His children remained in England. The last time they saw him was the 29 of January. Executed at Palace of Whitehall. -
Lord George Mcarteny Expelled
British man. In Japan. Wanted to meet the emperor. Did not bow and was expelled. Left Japan. -
Period: to
Opium War
Chinese had Europeans gold and silver. Europeans gave them opium in return. Chinese became addicted. People became lazy. War broke out.
