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Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusades are fought
It is a Holy War. It was a war between Christians and Muslims. The 2 century attempt to recover the holy land ended in a failure. In all 8 major Crusade expeditions occurred between 1096 and 1291. The crusades set the stage for several religious knightly orders. -
1300
The Start of the Renaissance
The Renaissance was a period in Europe from 14th to 17th century. The basis of the Renaissance was its own invented version of Humanism. The people started to focus more on art, architecture, politics, science and literature. French word for "rebirth". Early examples were development of perspective in oil painting. -
Period: Nov 7, 1337 to 1453
Hundred Year's War
The War actually lasted 116 years. It was between England and France. One of the most notable conflicts of the middle ages. 5 generations of kings from 2 rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Europe. The War marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline. -
1347
Start of Black Death
Black Death arrived in Europe by sea in October 1347. The people become covered in black boils, which gives it its name. Black death would kill more than 20 million people. Which adds up to be almost 1/3 of the continents population. People assumed it to be punishment from god. -
May 30, 1431
Joan of Arc burned at the Stake
Joan of Arc was tried for witchcraft and heresy. Burned at the stake in 1431 at the age of 19. Died of smoke inhalation. The first indictment made against her was that she used magic. This was said because she claimed to hear voices. -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
The printing press used moveable metal letters. He made printed materials affordable. People had more access to literature. The first publication was the bible. Andreas Dritzehn funded his experiments. -
1453
Fall of constantinople
Constantinople was the capture of the Capital of the Byzantine Empire by invading army of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans were commanded by the 21 year old Ottoman Sultan Mehmed. This was a 53 day siege. This marked the ed of the Byzantine Empire. This was a key event in the Late Middle Ages. -
1478
Start of Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition was Established by Catholic Monarchs in 1478. It was intended to maintain catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms.It became the most substantive of the three different manifestations of the wider catholic inquisition. It was not abolished until 1834. It is often cited in popular literature -
1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
Christopher Columbus was an Italian Explorer and navigator. He completed 4 voyaged across the Atlantic Ocean. During his first voyage in 1492, he reached the New World instead of arriving in Japan as he intended. He landed an an island in the Bahamas. He named it San Salvador -
Period: 1500 to
Columbian Exchange
The columbian Exchange was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations and technology between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th Centuries. The spread of diseases was also a problem with the columbian exchange. The other problem was the Atlantic slave trade, although this was not a problem at the time. There was as many as 12.5 million enslaved Africans. -
1506
Mona Lisa Completed
The Mona Lisa is a half length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo Da Vinci. It has been described as "the best known, most visited" and more. It is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It is not for certain when it was painted. Around 1503-1506. It could be as late as 1513. -
1508
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel
The Sistine chapel is a cornerstone work of High Renaissance Work. -
Period: 1509 to 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
King Henry VIII was King of England from 1509 until his death in 1547. He is best known for his 6 marriages. He is also known for his changes to the English constitution. He was described as an attractive, educated and accomplished king. He was an author and a composer as well. As he aged, he became obese, and his health suffered, that led to his death in 1547. -
1513
The Prince
The Prince is a 16th century political book by the Italian diplomat Niccolo Machiavelli. This book was distributed in 1513 using a latin title. However the printed version was not published until 1532, years after his death. This book became extremely popular. It is claimed to be one of the first works of modern philosophy. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther 95 Theses
Martin Luther made the 95 theses to attack the Catholic Church for selling indulgences. 1 central belief of the 95 theses was that the bible is the central religious authority. The other one was that humans only reach Salvation by their faith and not their deeds. His writings changed the course of religious and cultural history in the west. Martin Luther nailed a copy of the 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg castle church. -
1521
Hernan Cortes conquers the Aztecs
Hernan Cortes was a Spanish conquistador best remembered for conquering the aztecs. He also helped colonize Cuba and became a governor of New Spain. Hernan arrived in the Aztec capital in 1519. He took Montezuma hostage. -
Period: 1533 to
Queen Elizabeth Reign
Queen Elizabeth was the Queen of England from 1533 to 1603. She was sometimes called the Virgin Queen. Her reign is famous for the flourishing of English Drama, led by playwrights such as Shakespeare. Elizabeth called on parliament 10 times during her reign. -
Period: 1533 to
Ivan the Terrible's Reign
Ivan the Terrible was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547. Then became tsar of all of the Russias until his death in 1584. Ivan was an able diplomat, a patron of arts and trade and founder of Moscow Print Yard. During his reign Russia conquered the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Sibir. He transformed Russia from a medieval state into an empire. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Counter Refermation
The Counter Reformation was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the protestant reformation. Beginning with the Council of Trent, and ending at the close of the 30 years war. It was composed of 5 major elements, reactionary defense of catholic sacramental practice, ecclesiastical reconfiguration, religious orders, spiritual movements, and political dimensions. It also involved political activities that included the Roman inquisition. -
1555
Peace Of Augsburg
Peace of Augsburg was a temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the Religious conflict arising from the Reformation.Each prince was to determine whether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in his lands. This was signed on September 1555 at the Imperial City of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups. -
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada was a fleet of 130 ships that sailed from the Coruna in August 1588. They were under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia. The purpose was escorting an army from Flanders to invade England. The aim was to overthrow Queen Elizabeth.The armada dropped an anchor off Calais. -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of was signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France. In the edict, Henry aimed primarily to promote civil unity. The edict separated civil from religious unity. It treated some protestants as more than mere schismatics and heretics, and opened a path for secularism and tolerance. -
Period: to
Slave trade
The atlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly from Africa to the Americas. The South Atlantic and Caribbean Economies were dependent on the supply of secure labor for the production of commodity crops. The Portuguese were the first to engage in the Atlantic slave trade in the 16th century. -
Period: to
Era of Samurai
The Samurai were the warriors of the premodern Japan. Samurai employed a range of weapons such as bows and arrows, spears and guns, but mostly the sword. Their large sword was called a Katana. The Samurai lived their lives according to the ethic code of bushido. Relative peace prevailed during roughly 250 years of the Edo period, this made the importance of martial skills decline, so the Samurai class lived their lives as farmers -
William Shakespeare's Death
William Shakespeare died in 1616. William retired from London around 1610. The cause of his death is not definitively known. Although there is a theory he died after contracting a fever after a drinking binge. Shakespeare died as a grandfather. -
Petition of Rights
The Petition of Rights is a major English Constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing. Passed on June 1628, the petition contains restrictions on non-parliamentary taxations, forced on billeting of soldiers, imprisonment without cause, and use of martial law. In response, the house of commons prepared a set of 4 resolutions. -
King Charles I Executed
Charles I's beheading was scheduled for Tuesday 30, January, 1649. Two of his children remained in England under the control of the parliamentarians. They were permitted to visit him on January 29 and say goodbye. The following morning he asked for two shirts to prevent the cold weather to make prevent him from shivering and that being mistaken for fear. -
Lord George Macartney Expelled
Lord George Macartney was a British statesman and a diplomat. He is remembered for his observation following Britians success in the 7 years war. He is also known for the territorial expansion at the Treaty of Paris. -
Period: to
Opium War
The Opium wars were 2 wars in the mid 19th century involving Chinese Disputes over British trade in China. These wars weakened the Qing dynasty. They forced China to trade with other parts of the world. The dutch traders obtained Chinese porcelain, silk, and tea. When they bought them they realized they lost all of their gold and silver so they obtained poppy seeds, and sold opium.
