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Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubmanis the Underground Railroad's best known conductor and before the Civil War repeatedly risked her life to guide 70 enslaved people north to new lives of freedom. -
Dred Scott Decision
The Dred Scott decision was Missouri's Dred Scott Case, 1846-1857. In its 1857 decision that stunned the nation, the United States Supreme Court upheld slavery in United States territories, denied the legality of black citizenship in America, and declared the Missouri Compromise to be unconstitutional. -
Emancipation of proclamation
Emancipation of Proclamation The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." It added moral force to the Union cause and strengthened the Union both militarily and politically. -
Juneteenth
On June 19, 1865, nearly two years after President Abraham Lincoln emancipated enslaved Africans in America, Union troops arrived in Galveston Bay, Texas with news of freedom. -
13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery. The 14th Amendment gave citizenship to all people born in the US. The 15th Amendment gave Black Americans the right to vote -
Jim Crow laws and damage towards blacks post-reconstruction
Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America and in some others, beginning in the 1870s. Reconstruction governments established the South's first state-funded public school systems, sought to strengthen the bargaining power of plantation laborers, made taxation more equitable, and outlawed racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations. -
Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington was an author, educator, orator, philanthropist, and, from 1895 until his death in 1915, the United States' most famous African American. Booker T. Washington was a principal at Tuskegee University. People tend to get confused and say he founded Tuskegee. Tuskegee University, an institution that currently enrolls more than 3,000 students. Booker T. Washington died at the age of 59. -
Great migration
The Great Migration was one of the largest movements of people in United States history. Approximately six million Black people moved from the American South to Northern, Midwestern, and Western states roughly from the 1910s until the 1970s. The Great Migration was motived to escape racial violence, pursue economic and educational opportunities, and obtain freedom from the oppression of Jim Crow. -
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance was the most influential and widely celebrated voice of the Harlem Renaissance, Hughes also wrote essays, novels, short stories and plays, all of which centered and celebrated Black life and pride in African American heritage. -
Scottsboro Boy
Scottsboro Boys" spent a total of 130 years in Alabama jails and prisons for a crime they did not commit. Over the ensuing decades, each of the eight teens—now men—was released from prison, but that false rape accusation effectively derailed their lives. Some returned to prison. The Scottsboro Boy case marked the first stirrings of the civil rights movement and led to two landmark Supreme Court rulings that established important rights for criminal defendants. -
The Black Power Movement
he Black Power movement signaled the evolution of the Civil Rights Movement into a more militant and violent movement. Malcolm X had come from the Nation of Islam who supported black anti-white sentiment and a confrontational approach to getting through the movement's agenda. The Black Power movement, which Malcolm X fathered, overall saw the Civil Rights Movement as a revolution against whites. It was radical and led to violence, something rarer earlier in the movement. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks invigorated the struggle for racial equality when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. Parks' arrest on December 1, 1955 launched the Montgomery Bus Boycott by 17,000 black citizens. -
Fannie Lo
Fannie Lou Hamer | National Women's History Museum
Fannie Lou Townsend Hamer rose from humble beginnings in the Mississippi Delta to become one of the most important, passionate, and powerful voices of the civil and voting rights movements and a leader in the efforts for greater economic opportunities for African Americans. -
March on Washington
In 1963 Dr.Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech, King gave an impassioned voice to the demands of the U.S. Civil Rights Movement — equal rights for all citizens, regardless of the color of their skin. -
impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
In 1964 the Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibited the use of poll taxes. In 1965, the Voting Rights Act directed the Attorney General to enforce the right to vote for African Americans. The 1965 Voting Rights Act created a significant change in the status of African Americans throughout the South. -
Black Panther Party
The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (BPP) was founded in October 1966 in Oakland, California by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, who met at Merritt College in Oakland. It was a revolutionary organization with an ideology of Black nationalism, socialism, and armed self-defense, particularly against police brutality. -
assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. impact the Civil Rights Movement
King's death energized the Black Power Movement. Black Americans felt even more distrustful of white institutions and America's political system. Membership in the Black Panther Party and other Black Power groups surged. Local organizations grew into national networks. -
Shirley Chisholm,
The first Black woman elected to the U.S. Congress Chisholm (1924-2005) was the first African American woman elected to Congress where she served for seven terms beginning in 1969. The daughter of immigrants from Barbados and Guyana, Chisolm had a significant impact on anti-poverty policy and educational reform -
Rodney King
Unrest began in South Central Los Angeles on April 29, after a jury acquitted four officers of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) charged with using excessive force in the arrest and beating of Rodney King. -
Barack obama
Barack Obama was the first African American president of the United States (2009–17). He oversaw the recovery of the U.S. economy (from the Great Recession of 2008–09) and the enactment of landmark health care reform (the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act).