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The Dual Alliance
Bismarck published this to show Russia that if Austria-Hungary was attacked, Bismarck would help the Austrians. However, if Austria-Hungary started it first, they would fight alone. No country wanted to start a war over the Bulgarians in which the nations relaxed. -
The Bulgarian Crisis
Bulgaria began to dislike the Russian interference. At the same time, Eastern Rumelia declared union with Bulgaria, this went against with the terms of the Congress of Berlin. Bulgaria used their nationalism as a barrier to Russia's ambitions in the Balkans and supported their union. Russia just accepted this. -
Bulgaria Throned Prince Ferdinand
He was a German catholic and the Russians did not like this bit this was acceptable to Austria-Hungary. Though, it was predicted that another war was going to break out in the Balkans but between Russia and Austria-Hungary. -
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The Armenian Massacres
People in Armenia were mainly Orthodox Christian but they were ruled by Muslim Turks. The Turks carried out a series of massacres because of the peoples faith and this went on till 1896. Kaiser William the second did not speak out on these attacks because he wanted to be on good terms with Turkey. However, Turkey was saved by united actions by disagreement among the great powers. -
Revolt in Crete
Crete was inhabited by the Greeks but ruled by the Turkish rule. The Greeks started to rebel and then declare war on Turkey. The Turks did win but by 1908, they were able to govern themselves and then became part of Greece in 1913 -
The First Balkan War
The Turkish persecutions led to the formation of the Balkan league which included Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Greece. The leagues goal was to move the Turks out of Europe and declare war on Turkey. They were able to succeed and "the sick man" (Turkey) was out of Europe. -
The Treaty of London
Austria wanted Serbia and Montenegro to leave the Adriatic Coastal area. This lead to the independent state of Albania. Serbia was now considered a landlocked country. Constantinople and the Dardanelles coast were still Turkeys but the remainder of their European land were still divided between Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria. -
The Second Balkan War
Bulgaria did not like the Treaty of London and started to attack Serbia. The Greeks and Romanians helped Serbia but the Bulgarians ended the war and lost a lot of large areas of land because of the Treaty of Bucharest. They lost a lot of land to Serbia, Greece, Romania and Turkey. -
Tensions Remain High in the Balkan
Even through all of the conflict, the Balkans remain unstable. They encouraged the Slavs to seek independence. The Serbian nationalists would need to be suppressed because of the Austro-Hungarian government believed that their own multi-racial empire would be destroyed. -
The End of the Eastern Questions
During the war, Turkey and Bulgaria took the side of the Triple Alliance while Serbia, Romania and Greece supported the Entente. Five years later, the Eastern Question was finally settled and with the Treaty of Lausanne, it was agreed that Turkey gave up all claims to the former European territories of the old Ottoman Empire