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Period: 1096 to 1291
Crusades are Fought
In the Crusades, Christians from Europe fought Muslims for control of Jerusalem and other holy places. All major Crusades expedition occurred between 1096 to 1292. In the 11th century Western Europe had emerged its power in its own rights. -
1300
Renaissance Begins
It started as as a cultural movement in Italy in the Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe. The Renaissance was its own invented version of humanism. Early examples were the development of perspective of oil painting. -
1337
100 Year War Begins
The Hundred Year War was a long struggle between England and France over succession to the French throne. English territory in France which had been extensive since 1066 now remained confined to the Channel port and lost in 1558. In 1360, King John of France, in order to save his title he was forced to accept the Treaty of Calais. -
1347
Black Death Begins in Europe
The Black Death arrived Europe by sea when 12 Genoese trading ships docked at the Sicilian port. Even before the "death ship" many Europeans had heard rumors. Many of the symptoms-fever were vomiting, diarrhea, terrible aches. -
1431
Joan of Arc Burned at the Stake
Joan of Arc was apparently 19 when he was burned at the stake in Rouen by the English on 30 May, 1431. She was born in Domremy, France. Died of smoke inhalation. The Cardinal of Winchester is recored as having to burn her a second time. Joan of Arc was said to be burn because charges of heresy and witchcraft. She overcame to lead a French army against the British. -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg printing press
Johannes Gutenberg borrowed money to invent a technology that changed the world of painting. He invented the printing press with a replaceable and movable wooden or metal letters in 1436. This brought down the prices of printed material. He is also accredited with printing the world's first book using movable type the 42-line Gutenberg Bible. -
1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the gvernment system of the Catholic Church who wanted to combat the heresy -
Period: 1491 to 1547
King Henry VIII Regin
He was one of the most famous kings in English history. He was know for being the second Tudor monarch and also for having six wives, beheaded two of his wives. He was the main instigator for the English Reformation. The English Reformation was a series of events in the 16th century which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Rome Catholic Church. -
1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
After sailing across the Atlantic Ocean Christopher Columbus sights a Bahamian island believing he had reached East Asia. His expedition went ashore that same day and claimed the island for Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain. Who sponsored his attempted to find western ocean route to China, India and spice islands of Asia. Columbus and many others underestimated the world's size. Columbus met the king John II Portugal & tried to persuade him to back Enterprise of the Indies. -
Period: 1492 to 1492
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchanges refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between new and old worlds Exchanges of plants, disease and technology transformed European and Native American ways life. -
1503
Mona Lisa Completed
Historians agree that Leonardo de Vinci worked on the Mona Lisa painting for 4 years and keeping it to himself for a few years after. Mona Lisa was recovered 100 years ago, the Mona Lisa was stolen off the walls of the Louvre in Paris. The painting was recovered in,1913. When Livingstone blurred the face with a filter, the Mona Lisa looked like she was smiling. So Livingstone says that in his paining, de Vinci achieved an unusual effect, the Mona Lisa's smile changes depending on where you look. -
1508
Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo considered himself a sculptor, not a painter and he was hard at work sculpting the king's tomb But Pope Julius insisted for him to being working on his famous ceiling in 1508. He worked for 4 years. Sistine Chapel is famous for Michelangelo but long before Sisto had painters such as Botticelli to fresco the two long walls of the chapel. The last Judgment is a depiction of the Second Coming of Christ and the final and eternal judgment by God of all humanity. -
1513
"The Prince"
Is a 16th century political treaties by the Italian diplomat and political theorist Machiavelli. From correspondence a version appears to have been distributed. He was the second son ofBernardo di Nicolo Machiavelli a lawyer of some repute. Both his parents were members of the old Florentine nobility. -
1517
Martin Luther post 95 Theses
In 1517, a priest and scholar nails a piece of paper of the 95 theses. Luther's frustration led him to write the 95 theses. That quickly translated from Latin into German and distributed widely. A copy was made to Rome and wanted to convince him to change his tune. Luther then refused and to keep silent. Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church. Luther the same year refused again to recant his writing before the Holy Emperor Charles V who issued the Edict of Worm. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Counter Reformation
Was also called Catholic Reformation was the period of Catholic resurgences initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. Beginning with the Council of Trent and ending at the close of the Thirty Years War. -
William Shakespeare's Death
On 23 April 1616, his 52nd birthday, William Shakespeare died. Shakespeare's death is a mystery. The vicar of Holy Trinity Church in Stratford told us that Shakespeare, Drayton, and Ben Jonson had a meeting and it seems drunk to hard for shakespeare died of a fever there contracted. The English language owes a great debt to Shakespeare. He invented over 1700 of our common words by changing nouns into verbs, changing verbs into adjectives.
