Algeria

By kerianna
  • 946 BCE

    End of the rebellion of Kharijite Abu Yazid (Man of the Donkey) against the Fatimids

  • 936 BCE

    Achir founded by Ziri ibn Manad

  • 904 BCE

    Foundation of Oran

  • 771 BCE

    Islam was Spread Throughout the Region

    Significant conversions also occurred beyond the extents of the empire such as that of the Turkic tribes in Central Asia and peoples living in regions south of the Sahara in Africa through contact with Muslim traders active in the area and Sufi orders. ... These initial conversions were of a flexible nature.
  • 771 BCE

    Victory of the Kharijites at Tobna

  • 701 BCE

    Death of Berber resistance fighter Kahina

  • 682 BCE

    Conquering all North Africa

    Uqba ibn Nafi is killed. His mausoleum and mosque are erected near Biskra at Sidi Okba
  • 642 BCE

    The Arab Conquest

    The Arabs invaded north to dominate the Mediterranean.
  • 533 BCE

    Byzantine conquest of central Maghreb

  • 500 BCE

    Vandal occupation and the Berber kingdom of the Djeddars

  • 1501

    Portuguese Expedition

    A Portuguese expedition attempts to make a landing on the Beach of the Andalusians near Oran but a strong headwind the hinders the invasion for three days giving the Arabs time to organize a defense and drive off the invaders.
  • May 19, 1509

    The Spanish capture Oran and occupy the town until 1708

  • 1516

    Establishes state of Algiers

    Aroudj Barbarossa, a Greco-Turkish pirate, establishes the State of Algiers after strangling Selim el Toumi, the Sheik of Algiers, who requested his aid against the Spanish.
  • 1518

    Death of Aroudj Barbarossa

    is killed by the Spaniards who capture the fort on an islet before Algiers. His brother, Khaïr ed Din, better known as Barbarossa, faced with the threat of the Spanish and neighboring Arabs places himself under the protection of the Ottoman Sultan of Istanbul who names him Pasha of the Regency of Algiers.
  • 1529

    Khajir ed Din returns and seizes Fort Penon

    , the Spanish redoubt before Algiers. The fort is demolished, the islet is returned to bare ground and the debris is used to construct a breakwater forming the inner harbor of Algiers.
  • Oct 23, 1541

    Emplacement becomes Fort l'Empereur and lays siege to Algiers.

    The troops of Charles Quint, Emperor of Spain, land at the mouth of the Harracheur near present day Maison Carré and camp on the heights overlooking Algiers. Their
  • Oct 26, 1541

    The storm

    A storm destroyed most of the Spanish fleet
  • 1544

    Lighthouse

    A lighthouse is constructed at the entrance to the inner harbor of Algiers on the former site of Fort Penon.
  • 1569

    Christianity is introduced

    A young Spanish Moor who converted to Christianity and was baptized Geronimo is captured by corsairs and taken to Algiers. Geronimo refuses to renounce Christianity and is thrown alive into a mold in which a block of concrete is poured. The block containing his body is built into an angle of the Fort of the Twenty-four Hours

  • Spanish Benedictine named Haedo publishes a map of Algeria.

  • Barbary pirates sack Baltimore, Ireland and carry off the inhabitants to be sold as slaves.

  • The Regency of Algiers declares war on France.

  • Earthquake

    Shortly after 1 a.m., a strong earthquake jolts Oran destroying most of the town. 3,000 people are buried in less than 7 minutes. Aftershocks are felt for another six weeks.

  • Before the French Imperialized Algeria

    Before the French materialized Algeria, it was already materialized by the Ottoman Empire since the 1500s. So the idea of being controlled by another nation wasn't new to them. Before the French came and brought them under the laws of the French Constitution replacing Islamic Law. Also almost all of them were Muslim before the arrival of the French, but soon after their arrival many were converted to Christianity.

  • Barbary Treaties

    Tensions rose between France and Algeria when France did not pay back their debt to Algeria over the purchase of grain. The leader of Algeria, called the Dey, wanted the money that France took. But after being militarily bombarded by the French, U.S., British, and Dutch, Algeria was weak and the Dey was forced to sign the "Barbary Treaties," weakening Algeria's political status further.

  • Algeria before the French

    Before the French colonized Algeria it was mostly dominated by Muslims and that's were they originated from. It was hard to rule Algeria because of its vast mountain ranges. In Algeria there were a lot of different languages spoken so it was hard to communicate to the people of the country.

  • French conquest Algeria

    In 1827 of April the French decided to conquer Algeria. The French tried many tactics to establish their control in the area but they were unsuccessful. The French tried to put a naval blockade on Algeria but it was unsuccessful so they decided to invade the country. The French came to invade Algeria to get the raw materials from the country. The people of Algeria were treated horribly. Sometimes the people got worked to death.

  • The Start of a Military Expedition

    France began a military expedition in Algeria. Their troops were met with Algerian troops and janissaries. France wanted to colonize Algeria for many reasons—to improve diplomatic tensions, increase trade, and spread French culture to those living in Algeria.

  • Why was Algeria Invaded?

    The French first began to Imperialize. Algeria to gain lands and make up for the land lost in past wars. Also it’s location on the Mediterranean Sea made it convenient to access. The French also took Algeria because the other European countries were competing for all the colonies and lands in Africa. And the main reason France invaded Algeria was to take it’s raw materials and make as much profit as possible.

  • Start of Blockade on Algiers

    After deciding that more military force was needed, France ordered a blockade on the port of Algiers for 3 years. The Resistance of Abd al-Qadir

  • Fly Whisk Incident

    French conquest to take over Algeria. France invaded and quickly seized Algiers in 1830, and rapidly took control of other coastal communities. The fly whisk incident was caused by friction over Franco, a Algerian business transactions dating last from the eighteenth century.

  • France Takes Military Advantage

    After many days of fighting, France began to clearly show more military power than Algeria, due to their technological advantages and organization in strategy. At this point, France was declared to have the ultimate advantage in the struggle.

  • The Beginning of Imperialism

    Algeria was a victim to the acts of Imperialism by Europeans. During the Age of Imperialism, Europeans invaded almost every country in Africa during the 19th Century. The French were the first to target Algeria in the Early 1800s. The French first occupied France in 1830. Algeria was one of the first African countries occupied by the French.

  • How Algerian people responded to the French

    At first the people of Algeria did not want to the French in their country but over time when the French put their education and power into Algeria the Algerian people began to accept it. They began to adopt the French lifestyle. The boys of Algeria began to dress like the French and act the same way as the French. The Algerian people adopted to the French lifestyles but the French people did not adopt to the Algerian lifestyles. Girls styles of Algerian people changed as well.(long dresses).

  • How Were the Algerians Treated?

    When the French took over Algeria, the people were treated poorly. There was a great deal of violence, fighting and incomprehension between who were the rulers and who were the ruled.

  • Algeria recognized as a part of France

    This meant the process of colonization was progressing and Algeria became more French. For example, in November of this year, French citizens were allowed to permanently move to Algeria only furthering the French presence and culture in Algeria.

  • Algerians Reaction

    When European Imperialism began, people tried to fight back but did not succeed due to disease that Europeans brought to Algeria and a lack of weapons.

  • Early Signs of Oppression

    The colonial regime imposed more and higher taxes on Muslims than on Europeans.The Muslims also paid new taxes, from which the colons were normally exempted. In 1909 for instance, Muslims, who made up almost 90% of the population but produced 20% of Algeria's income, paid 70% of direct taxes and 45% of the total taxes collected" which symbolizes early sings of exploitation and discrimination practices carried out.

  • How did World War One Effect Algeria?

    The 45th Algerian Division was massecred in World War One on April 22nd 1915. The Germans tried to use poison on the Algerians at St. Julien. From WWI the Algerians realized that they should get their independence back from France so they did.

  • After the War

    Algerians begin recieve French citizenship as a result of their service in WWI. In the late 20's and even into the Great Depression thing calmed down.

  • The formation of the PPA

    Formed after the fall of the ENA, the predecessor of the PPA, caused by the joining of the ENA and the French Front Populaire. The FFP was a coalition of French lefist political parties in power at the time. The relationship was short lived causing the fall of ENA, the PPA taking its place. Regardless of peaceful attempts of protest, the group was constantly chased off by French police, to the point they were banned from Algeria due to the French government.

  • Setif Massacre

    Occurred in Setif the day after the end of WW2. The Algerian Muslims were very excited about the victory and spoke of freedom and democracy. The Gendarme then responded with hostilities killing several Algerians. Very large number of Muslims were killed.

  • Setif and Guelma Massacre

    French soldiers opened fire on a group of demonstrators killing some and sparking the Algerian attack on French settlers in Guelma, which left at least 100 dead and many injured including mutilations and rapes, which then in turn caused an attack from French military and vigilantes to then murder an up to estimated 6,000 Muslims in retaliation to the attacks on French settlers. Considered a turning point in Franco-Algerian relations.

  • Algerian Independence was Demanded

    While France celebrates VE Day, Muslim protesters in Sétif organize to demand Algerian independence. What begins as a march becomes a massacre: the protesters murder more than 100 European settlers, or pieds-noirs, and French armed forces retaliate by killing between 1,000 and 45,000 Muslims

  • War of Independence

    This chronicle war was eight years long. After, the french took over Algeria. The FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) launches armed revolts throughout Algeria and issues a proclamation calling for a sovereign Algerian state.

  • Beginning of Algerian Revolts

    Guerrillas of the NLF (National Liberation Front) launched attacks in many parts of Algeria against military posts/installations, including police posts, warehouses, communications facilities, and public utilities. From these actions France responds by sending over 400,000 troops to Algeria.

  • FLN begins targeting civilians

    A mob that kills more than 120 people in Philippeville. Between 1,200 and 12,000 Muslims are killed in retaliation by French troops and by pied-noir “vigilante committees.” Jacques Soustelle, then governor-general of French Algeria, resolves not to compromise with the revolutionaries.

  • FLN massacre pieds-noirs at Philippeville

    The effect of the killings by both sides in Philippville, El-Halia and elsewhere was to destroy any hope of inter-communal reconciliation. The French administration allowed pied-noir settlers to arm themselves and form self-defense units, measures which had been vetoed by the reformist governor-general Jacques Soustelle a few months earlier.Visiting Philippeville Soustelle recorded that now "the Europeans saw terrorists in every Muslim, the Muslims feared reprisals by the Europeans."

  • Philippeville Masacre

    Many of the leaders of the CRUA thought that most Algerians and Europeans weren't taking the insurrections seriously. They decided to target European civilians in 26 locations in the east, 123 people were killed. The French government responded by killed between 1,200-12,000 Muslims. Outraged, people started participating in guerrilla warfare nationally in Algeria. The French began building up their army.

  • Battle of Algiers

    Two FLN prisoners were executed by guillotine. Outraged, the FLN ordered Algerians to "shoot down any European, from 18 to 54. No women, no children, no elder." Three Algerian woman planted a bombs in European Algeirs, getting the attention on the French army. Conflict continued all the way into the spring. In the end most of the FLN leaders were either captured, fled to Tunisia or killed, the French had won.

  • FLN targets urban areas

    The FLN attempts to draw international attention to the conflict by targeting urban areas. The Battle of Algiers begins when three women plant bombs in public venues. Algiers erupts into violence.

  • French National Assembly approved Pierre Pflimlin's nomination as Prime Minister.

    Riots took place in Algiers. The French generals in Algeria feared he would arrange for a negotiated solution with the Algerian nationalists giving them control of Algeria. They refused to recognize his cabinet. At this point the leading politicians deserted deserted him, including Guy Mollet, Vincent Auriol, and Antoine Pinay. The crisis brought Charles de Gaulle as Prime Minister on 1 June.

  • Committee of Public Safety in Algeirs

    The French military began to doubt the government due to poor solutions given to end the revolution. They announced The Committee of Public Safety in Algiers. This Proclamation brought down the 4th French Republic, putting De Gaulle in charge of the 5th republic.

  • Self determination

    Increasingly convinced that French control of Algeria is untenable, de Gaulle pronounces that “self-determination” is necessary for Algeria. Pied-noir extremists are aghast. The FLN is wary of de Gaulle’s declaration.

  • French finds Algeria

    The French takes over Algeria after the eight year war.

  • Independence

    The French were outnumbered 9 to 1, giving Algerians an advantage. Through sheer numbers, and guerrilla warfare, The Algerian's slowly began beating the French. The FLN took power in 1962 and continued oppression to anyone that didn't support them. The Algerian War for Independence left 300,000 dead and 3 million relocated by force.

  • Post Coloization

    After the French took over Algeria and left, Algeria became wealthier, healthier, and more urbanized. Algeria's GDP currently is now 197 billion, only 23% is in poverty. They are also 16th in the world for oil business and now has 65,000 miles of roads and almost 3000 miles of railways. Algeria has gained political stability from France. They partially adopted checks and balances and like France, Algeria has universal sufferage.

  • Ahmed Ben Bella

    (25 December 1916 – 11 April 2012) was an Algerian socialist soldier and revolutionary who was the first President of Algeria from 1963 to 1965.

  • Charles de Gaulle

    Becomes president in 1958, he was loved by everyone because they all thought they would get what they want from him. He is the first of a strong presidency and new constitution. He fires Massu and is almost assassinated by the OAS