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Royal Proclamation
It prevent any further settlement across North America until treaties had been renegotiated with the aboriginal people. It recognized that the aboriginals had organized nations on their own lands. This is because in several provinces including British Columbia, treaties were never signed. -
Reserve System
Main purpose of reserves was to free up land for settlers and immigrants from Europe.Also to avoid the violent clash that had taken place between aboriginal peoples and settlers in the US.The aboriginal people were encouraged to take up farming instead of traditional hunting.The attempts of farming were hindered due to most reserves had soil that was not suitable for farming.They also traded land for tools but the tools were usually ill-suited for plowing and this caused hunger for many natives. -
Indian Act
Canada's gouvernement official way of encouraging the aboriginals to give up their own culture and traditions thereby assimilating them to main stream Canada's culture. It provided schools, medical care, hunting and fishing rights, annual treaty payments to the aboriginals.It also gave "special status" to the aboriginals However the Indian act outlawed traditional activities such as potlatch and aboriginal art, it also made the reserves smaller and offered fewer economic opportunities -
Aboriginals Right to Universal Suffrage
Aboriginals were finally given the right to vote in the federal election. Enfranchisement was encouraged, it would give aboriginals the right to vote but to gain the right to vote they would lose Indian status and their rights to live on reserves. Many aboriginals feared the act of voting would mean loss of historical rights and Indian status -
White Paper
White Paper addressed he issues facing aboriginals in Canada. The White Paper proposed the abolition of reserves and an end to special status for treaty Indians the premise was that equality, necessary for a solution to problems Indians, special status had been the major cause of difficulties. -
National Indian Brotherhood
Instead of assimilation into a non-aboriginal society they demanded self-government for the aboriginal people and control over their own affairs. They presented a paper that was the citizens plus which is now known as the "red paper" this caused the government to change their policies. -
Residential Schools
It was required, aboriginal children living on reserves go to residential schools. Primary purpose was to teach the children to be apart of a white society also to forget their heritage.Children wee taken from their homes and had to abandon their language and culture. In events the children would experience physical, sexual and emotional abuse. Residential schools were administered by Protestants and Catholic missionaries. -
Movement Towards Self-Government
Aboriginals argued that self-government would allow them to manage resources and gain control of their education, culture and justice system. This would make it possible for them to successfully deal with social and health concerns of their community. -
Assembly of the First Nations
The NIB was renamed as the Assembly of First Nations, stepped up its efforts to work towards and demand better conditions for aboriginal peoples in Canada. Many issues needed to be resolved for the aboriginals. Like the new office of native land claims dealt with both specific land claims, and comprehensive land claims. Specific land claims were based on existing treaties, while comprehensive land claims were based on traditional use and occupancy. -
1985 Passing of Bills C-31
In 1985 some substantial changes were made to the indian act. Below is a list of some of the most important changes. Until this point an aboriginal person could lose "Indian Status" or be enfranchised through various means. An aboriginal person could be enfranchised by choice or, very commonly, through marriage. When an aboriginal women married an aboriginal man, she lost all rights to reserve lands and other elements of "Indian Status." -
Meech Lake
This was an attempt by prime minister Mulroney in 1987 to amend the constitution so the province of quebec would agree to be a part of it. Some minority groups apposed the accord. Elijah Harper, an aboriginal leader from manitoba, criticized the accord because he believed that aboriginal people deserved special status alongside quebec. He believed that the Meech lake accord didn't recognize aboriginal people in the same way as quebec. -
Oka Standoff
By 1990, tensions between aboriginal peoples and non-aboriginal peoples in Canada began to flare up. In the Municipality Oka , Quebec, officials decided to extend a nine-hole golf course, originally built in 1959, onto land that the Mohawks claimed had always belonged to them. In response, the Mohawks set up blockades and one police officer was killed. -
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Nisga’a Treaty 1992-1998
They signed a new treaty with both provincial and federal governments. Nisga'a were given wide powers of self government. They were also given 1,922 square kilometers with a bunch of great resources. In addition to that they also got 190 million dollars. -
Ipperwash Ontario
aboriginal people occupied land on a former army base that had been taken from then during the second world war but never returned. The Ipperwash Crisis was an Indigenous land dispute that took place in Ipperwash Provincial Park, Ontario in 1995. Several members of the Stoney Point Ojibway band occupied the park in order to assert their claim to nearby land which had been expropriated from them during World War II. -
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Gustafasen Lake BC
Gustafsen Lake standoff. The Gustafsen Lake standoff was a confrontation between the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and the Ts'peten Defenders in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, at Gustafsen Lake. The standoff began on August 18, 1995, and ended on September 17, 1995. -
1998 Delgamuluukw Case
The Delgamuukw case (1997) concerned the definition, the content and the extent of Aboriginal title. The Supreme Court observed that Aboriginal title constituted an ancestral right protected by Section 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982. Aboriginal title is a right relating to land sui generis, held communally and distinct from other ancestral rights. Aboriginal title is, therefore, in substance, a right to territory and encompasses exclusive use and occupation. -
Statement of Reconciliation issued in 1998
On January 7, 1998, the Canadian government issued
a "Statement of Reconciliation" contained within a
document entitled Gathering Strength – Canada's
Aboriginal Action Plan. This system separated many children from their families and communities and prevented them from speaking their own languages and from learning about their heritage and cultures. In the worst cases, it left legacies of personal pain and distress that continue to reverberate in Aboriginal communities to this day. -
1999 Creation of Nunavut
In 1999, the new Canadian territory of Nunavut was created, where aboriginal peoples were given the right to self government over natural resources, education, and justice systems. In the political system of Nunavut there are no political parties, people run for election as individuals, and then the elected members vote for the member who they want to lead the government.
