-
Period: to
Greek Civil War- Red
Greek Communists attempted to gain control by disguising themselves as a democratic party. People recognized this and formed the EDES who then fought with the Communist EAM-ELAS. The Communists failed to take control and accepted their defeat at a conference. A general election then was held the following year. The communists tried once again but were crushed by the U.S. sponsored Greek Army. -
Period: to
European Coal and Steel Community- Yellow
The eastern block was a group of soviet controlled countries that surrounded the Soviet Union. Joseph Tito was the president of Yugoslavia who directly defied soviet authority. -
Period: to
Willy Brandt and Ostpolitik- Red
This was the West German foreign policy in the 1960’s for détente. They recognized the East German Government and expanded commercial relations with eastern bloc countries. This was an idea of foreign minister and chancellor Willy Brandt. -
Period: to
First Indochina War- Blue
this area was colonized and divided by the French. The revolutionary
organization called Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh tried to drive out the French and regain their land. By 1954, gained more control and drove out the French. -
Jan Masaryk and the Prague Spring- Red
he was the prime minister of Czechoslovakia who feared that the soviets were going to make his country communist. He promised the Soviet Union that they were no threat, but then showed interest in the Marshall plan. By this time, he was the only person in power in Czechoslovakia that was not communist. They claimed that he committed suicide, but there is skepticism that he actually did. -
Period: to
Berlin Airlift- Red
This was the response to the blockade by the soviets in the east to get food and supplies to the west side. Goods were flown over the area because ground access was blocked. -
Period: to
Algerian War of Independence - Evian Accords- Blue
the National liberation front started a war against france in hopes of gaining independence. They sought diplomatic recognition at the UN wanting to establish a sovereign Algerian state. In 1959 de Gaulle said they had freedom to determine their future. They became independent in 1962. -
20th Party Congress
During Khrushchev’s destalinization process, he wanted to rebrand communism and make it look less like a threat. This was his new foreign policy with trying to reopen Russia to trade. -
Period: to
Suez Crisis- Red
The united states and Britain promised to finance Egypt’s construction of the Aswan High Dam, but went back on the deal because Egypt had ties to communism. Nasser then declared martial law on and seized control of the Suez Canal Company. Allies of the U.S. and Britain, Israel, then invaded Egypt in hopes of drawing the Egyptian forces out. The UN ordered a ceasefire which led to the removal of French, British, and Israeli forces. -
Period: to
Hungarian uprising and Soviet invasion- Red
There was political instability and many protests in hungry which led to the Soviets killing thousands of people. Nagy was put in place where he called for peace. He secretly was pushing the revolt forward and was playing both sides. He then announced that they were going to withdrawal from the Warsaw pact. The revolutions
and protests were quickly put down by Khrushchev. -
Period: to
European Economic Community- Yellow
Created to integrate Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany economically by the Treaty of Rome. The goal of creating a single market was accomplished in 1993 and the EEC was absorbed as one of the pillars of the European Community. The initial divided communities joined together to form the European Union which would, in 2009, become the European Union. -
Period: to
Gaullism and the 5th Republic- Yellow
Charles de Gaulle, leader of Free France pushed for a direct
popular election of the president of France. This later became the system of government and
continues to be. -
Period: to
Joseph Tito and the Communist Bloc- Red
The eastern block was a group of soviet controlled countries that surrounded the Soviet Union. Joseph Tito was the president of Yugoslavia who directly defied soviet authority. -
Period: to
Berlin Wall- Red
This wall was built by the East that was under Soviet control to block access to the West. -
Period: to
Thatcherism- Yellow
A platform that seeks to restrain government spending while emphasizing free markets and British Nationalism named after Margaret Thatcher the Prime Minister of the UK from 1979-1990. This policy has been described as “authoritarian populist” which rejected the ideas confirmed post-war including the ideas of Keynesian economics. Thatcher was the leader of the British Conservative Party from 1975-1990, was a cold warrior and brought a sense of individualism to British Society. -
Period: to
Solidarity and Martial Law in Poland- Blue
General Jaruelski ordered his staff to spread plans for martial law throughout Poland in late 1980. Solidarity was a social movement to create social change and improve workers rights, which was banned under martial law as many of the members of the movement partook in different forms of civil resistance that the communist government of Poland felt threatened by. -
Period: to
Gorbachev - Perstroika and Glasnost- Yellow
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev instated plans to change many practices of the nation. Of these programs, Perestroika—replacing the centralized gov. and its communist leaders—and Glasnost—easing strict social controls— were intended to emphasize restructuring and openness to help the nation improve upon itself. -
Period: to
Velvet Revolution- Yellow
On November 17, 1989, a student demonstration was suppressed and after more demonstrations in the next month occurred, the Communist Party leaders resigned. The low standard of living forced dissidents of communism to advocate and gain support for economic reform. In December, President Husák appointed the first largely non-communist government shortly after resigning. -
Fall of the Wall and German Reunification
East Germans protested their government through peaceful demonstrations. When travel restrictions changed thousands of East Germans began to go to the West side, however the leadership was unable to withstand the significant number of people, so the Wall falls. Shortly after, people from both sides began to call for unification which becomes official on October 3rd, 1990. -
Fall of Ceauşescu
As a result of the Romanian Revolution, massive protests and waning military support forced Nicolae Ceauşescu--one of E. Europe's most intense and aggressive Communist dictators--and his wife to flea, however they were captured quickly and executed by firing squad. The people were unhappy with failed plans to relieve Romania of its national debts that decreased the standard of living, increased malnutrition and as a whole, made the population tense and unhappy. -
Period: to
Balkanization- Yugoslav Wars
This series of military conflicts led to the end of the Yugoslav state. These ethnically centered wars faced backlash from the Yugoslav People’s Army who initially tried to preserve the whole of Yugoslavia. The crimes against humanity and eugenics movement made this one of Europes most deadly war since World War 1. Initial fighting began after Yugoslavian countries Croatia and Slovenia declared independence in 1991 because of the strongly authoritarian leadership. -
Period: to
Yeltsin and the Coup- Yellow
Members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union attempted to gain control of the Soviet Union from Gorbachev because they did not agree with his policies of decentralization and were afraid of the ensuing economic and political crises. Although the coup quickly failed, it had long lasting effects and is credited with being a major factor in the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union. -
Maastricht Treaty- Yellow
The Treaty was drafted in December, 1991 by the European Council and established the European Union and granted citizenship to citizens of all member states. This treaty also instated the euro, central banking system, common foreign security policies and cooperation on other issue matters. Originally the Treaty on European Union, this treaty worked to unify the member states under common laws -
Period: to
Putin- Russian Resurgent Nationalism- Yellow
Russia under Vladimir Putin is very militarily offensive and willing to help its allies and because of this attitude has reacquired many countries to strengthen itself. Specifically, the Russian invasion of Ukraine after several strategic military attacks helped the Russian Federation to gain a strong member. This increase in strength has allowed feelings of nationalism to grow quickly within Russia as the country is on its way to become a great power. -
Brexit
Following the creation of a single market, British Prime Minister, Theresa May announced a the plan for the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, which they officially joined in 1975. This change has long been advocated for by the UK Independence Party and many Conservatives, specifically with the growing feelings of Euroscepticism—the desire to reduce the power of the EU.
