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Period: 15,000 BCE to 1351
The earliest Americans-Europe before Transatlantic Travel
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1200 BCE
South Central Mexico-The first Native American Society Olmecs
Around 1200 the Olmecs developed the first civilization formed in Mesoamerica they are known for their use in stone when making architecture and sculptures. They were famous for making huge stone heads. Their civilization ended at about 400 BC. -
146 BCE
Greece-Greek Philosophers
The Ancient Greek valued human reason and thought that there was power in the human mind. The three greatest philosophers or thinkers were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates was a great teacher and wanted people to believe in their beliefs. Plato made the important book called the Republic and it has rules of egalitarian right and freedom for everyone. Aristotle taught that people should live to a reason and have clear thinking. They also influenced the start of democracy and the republic. -
300
Ghana Niger River-The start of Ghana
The first people of Ghana were farmers along the Niger River after about AD 300 these farmers banded together to have protection against Soninke that were threatening them. This was Ghana's start, Ghana had lots of Gold and Salt mines soon they controlled trade in salt and gold . They also had merchants pay for passage through to trade. They once used salt for money and had a big army. The Almoravids tried to force Ghana to Islam they broke many trade routes. Weakened Ghana finally fell in 1076. -
1000
North America-Leif Eriksson the son of Erik The Red reaches North America
Leif Eriksson loved adventure and sailing like his dad in AD 1000 he was sailing from Norway to Greenland but strong wind blew his ship of course to the shores of North America. When Leif Erickson landed in Labrador Peninsula in now Canada. The vikings sailed further south into now New England and vikings saw forest, meadows and large salmon. Eriksson settled in coastal area called Vinland but the vikings soon left due to the lack of people and the attacks of Natives. -
1142
New York State-The Iroquis League
The Eastern North America was rich in resources in food, shelter and animals. They lived in farming villages governed by village councils. They were good at hunting, farming and gathering and was key to their survival.Many tribes used strings and beads known as wampum for money. What was so special about the Iroquois was that they had a league called the Iroquois League made a alliance with Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and Seneca the league helped them to become powerful. -
1230
Mali-Kingdom of Mali
Mali also lay along the upper river of Niger River this allowed people to control trade, the empire soon grew rich and powerful. The first ruler of Mali was Sundiata but the most popular was Mansa Musa which was a Muslim he ruled Mali for 25 years 1312-1337. He added a lot of important trade cities such as Timbuktu and Djenne he restarted the gold and salt trade. He also had a pilgrimage called a hajj and corrupted the market in the process. He also introduced Islam to Mali through Qur'an. -
1300
Europe-Renaissance
The renaissance was a great time of thinking, art and was also known as rebirth. The renaissance was the search for knowledge great artists came from the time such as Da Vinci and Michelangelo. There were many inventions and more of the lust for knowledge. They had many scientific advance such as positive and negative numbers and square roots. One of the most key developments was the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg which meant that people did not have to hand write everything many times. -
Period: 1400 to
European Set Sail-Beginnings of Slavery In the Americas
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1492
Spain-Columbus finds Americas accidentally
Columbus asked the King and Queen of Spain to pay for his expedition across the Atlantic ocean. On August 3 1492 the three ships set sail Ninia, Pinta and the Santa Maria they had 90 sailors with a year worth of supplies. On September 6 they resumed their journey. They soon sailed over Columbus's uncharted area and on October 12 1492 he found Mesoamerica in the Bahamas and thought it was Asia. He also called the Native Americans Indians thinking he was in Asia and he had found a new route there. -
1492
Europe-The Colombian exchange rate
European settlers took plants and animals with hem to America and brought back a lot of new plants and animals to Europe, Asia and Africa. This was known as the Colombian Exchange since it started with his exploration. The Colombian Exchange changed the world a lot. European explorers found many things such as Tobacco, Corn and Cocoa. Europeans brought pigs and horses with them. Natives started to farm European grains such as Barely and Wheat. The Natives died after trading because of germs. -
1497
England-The Search for a Northwest Passage in England
The European wanted to find a water route through North America that will allow ships to sail from Atlantic to the Pacific. Italian sailor john Cabot knew that the King wanted to find the rout e he offered to pay for the trip and grant him royal charter for any land he found Cabot made Voyages in 1497-1498 he did not find the Northwest Passage his voyages were successful they became the basis of England's claim to land in North America. -
1500
Europe-The technological advancements of Europeans
The new technological advancements helped the Europeans get to the Americas. Sailors had tools such as a magnetic compass and a astrolabe. A astrolabe is a device that helps sailors to navigate and locate by using the location of the stars. They also had new ships called Caravels that were smaller, lighter and easier to steer. Caravels had triangular sails unlike the normal square sails this allowed the ships to sail against the wind. The Portuguese put rudders at the back to improve steering. -
1500
Aztec Empire-Conquest of The Aztec Empire
Montezuma ruled the Aztec Empire in the height of power in 1500. The Europeans saw Tenochtitlan and thought it was a good source of treasure and to convert them to Christianity. Aztec had thousands of warriors but Cortez only had 508 soldiers 16 horses and some guns. They also had help from a Indian woman Malintzin to win allies. Montezuma thought Cortez was a god so he took him in but Cortez imprisoned Montezuma and took control soon Tenochtitlan collapsed because of mostly diseases. -
1500
Roanoke-The Lost Colony
In late 1500 England decided to set up a permanent settlement in North America. Sir Walter Raleigh received a charter to start a colony. in 1584 he made a expedition to Virginia and North Carolina's. Raleigh named the entire place Virginia. Raleigh sent another group to found anther colony on Roanoke Island. They had a hard time fighting and farming. Wen White went to England and turned back he found nothing but the word Croatian a name of a island carved on a post White never found out why. -
1500
Atlantic-The Start of The Middle Passage
Enslavement was a horrible experience for a slave. They were most often captured by other Africans for profit. the captives were chained around the neck and marched to the coast this journey could be as long as 1000 Miles. the Middle Passage was a trip a slave needed to endure crossing the Atlantic Ocean. Africans were packed together like cargo and crammed in chained. -
1532
Inca Empire-The Conquest of the Inca Empire
Another conquistador Francisco Pizarro heard rumors of a Inca Empire in South America. the Incas ruled from the Pacific coast to modern day Chile to the North Equator Pizarro had less than 400 men but had superior weapons. Pizarro captured Inca Capitol Cuzco and killed Inca Leaders. By 1534 Pizarro and his Native American allies conquered the entire Inca empire. The Spanish looted their settlement and more than three quarters of the Aztec and Inca Population died. -
Virginia-Bacon's Rebellion
As the plantations grew Jamestown began to expand and the government asked for more taxes. In the Mid 1600 poor colonist protested the higher taxes. They also complained about the government politics toward the Native Americans In 1676 former indentured servants led by Nathenial Bacon killed friendly Native Americans. When the governor tried to stop him Bacon burned down Virginia. At one point he controlled most of the colony but died of fever so the rebellion soon ended. -
Period: to
The Southern Colonies-Conflict In the Colonies
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Middle Colonies-Economy of the Middle Colonies
The farms of Middle Colonies used both characteristics of New England and Southern Colonies they grew staple crops crops that are always needed such as wheat, barley and oats. Slaves also helped in blacksmiths, carpentering, farming, on board ships and growing ship making companies. Women also helped in economics such as running drugstores, bakeries, clothing stores, groceries, they also were nurses and practiced medicine. -
Virginia-The mayflower Compact
The Pilgrims landed outside of the authority of Virginia and knew that they needed their own laws. On November 21 1620 41 of the male passengers n the ship signed the Mayflower Compact a legal contract that which they agreed to have fair laws and to protect the general good. The Mayflower Contract also said that they will have all people have egalitarian rights. They also promised to obey the laws of the contract. -
New England-Education in the Colonies
Public education was established in 1647 when the General Court of Massachusetts ordered that town schools are to be made in every township of 50 families. The children used the New England Primer which had characters and stories from the bible. While they read they learned the importance of religion in their community. In 1636 John Harvard founded Harvard College and taught ministers and met the colony's need for higher education by 1700 70% of men and 45% of women knew how to read and write. -
Maryland-Toleration Act of 1649
This act of tolerance in religion was the first time in English colonies that it has happened that everyone has freedom of religion. The toleration act did not stop all religious conflict though. It showed the government wanted to protect the religious right of smaller groups of people. -
Pennsylvania-Penn's Colony
The society of friends or the Quakers made the largest religions group in New Jersey. The Quakers did not follow formal religious practices and dressed plainly. They believed in the equality of men and women they also supported nonviolence and religious tolerance. William Penn made a new colony in 1681 under a charter that will provide a safe home for Quakers. Penn limited his power and established a elected assembly. He called his capital Philadelphia which mean "the city of brotherly love." -
England-Political Change in England
In 1685 King James II became King of England he wanted to have more control over the English government both in England and in the Colonies. James thought that the colonies were to independent. So in 1686 he united all the Northern Colonies under one government called the Dominion of New England. James has Sir Edmund Andros royal Governor of the Dominion. The colonists disliked Andros because he used his authority to limit the power of town meetings. -
North America-Treaty of Paris
In 1759 British General James Wolfe captured Quebec gaining big advantage over the war. However the war went on for 4 more years. Until 1763 Britain and France sighed a Treaty of Paris officially ending the war. British gained all French Islands east of the Mississippi River except the city of New Orleans and 2 small islands in the Gulf of St Lawrence. From Spain they received Florida. This made a big change in how the balance of power looked. -
Boston-Stamp Act
The British government was always searching for new ways to make the Americans pay taxes further angering the colonists. They proposed a Stamp Act of 1765 this had the colonist pay for a stamp/seal when they bought paper items.The colonists saw it as the government trying to make money for unnecessary things. The colonist made a secret society called the Sons Liberty. They used violence to scare away the tax collectors from collecting more money. -
Boston Massacre
Many Bostonian found the British troops as a threat so they acted hostile towards them. The British knowing they were being regarded hostile the had many arguments with each other swearing and name calling was now common. The tension snapped on March 5 1770 When a lone British soldier had a argument with a colonist the soldier struck the man. The people threw snowballs until the troop came and shot at the people 3 innocents died calling it the Boston Massacre and the British Soldiers not guilty. -
Americas-Slave Cultures In the Americas
Slaves in the Americas came from many different parts of Africa and had many different beliefs. But things that they shared in common was they customs and viewpoints. The slave firstly got refuge from family and it gave them a place of refuge that the slave master could not control. Religion was a second refuge it gave them a sense of self worth and a type of freedom from the slave master's choice. The slaves expressed themselves in forms of dance, art and songs and helped them communicate. -
Brazil-Rebellion against corrupt government
Outrage against corrupt governance in the largest Southern American county had lead thousands of citizens to protest on the major cities of Brazil. Citizens have their dissent to government corruption in various places. That includes transportation, education and misuse of tax. There has been a increase in tax. This is the same with Bacon Rebellion because they are protesting at the rise of tax and the corruption of the government. -
Libya-Human Trafficking
There are a lot of human trafficking happening very frequently now days they cross the beaches and land just to migrate to another country. Everyday now there are about a average of 14 migrants from countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This also same with the slave trade in the Americas when they had to cross the middle passage over the Atlantic ocean to another foreign land only to be treated harshly. -
America-There is a Republican system in US
Now there is a democratic republic system in the US. the senate has lots of elected individuals to vote for that particular state on what they believe should be done by electing a certain individual to go on behalf for them. This is the same with Rome because they also had a senate that had selected people and same with Ancient Greece because they vote for the person that you want to go up on behalf of you letting citizens have their own word too making it a Democratic Republic. -
Mesoamerica-Shared beliefs of Native Americans
The Native Americans did not have any fights in religion because they all shared the same belief. The Native Americans they also believed that only individual ownership only was for crops but did not apply to land because it is public land no ownership. Their beliefs contrasted to the Europeans who believed in land ownership. They had little interest in banding together so they were small groups. They believed in that everything has its own spiritual spirit inside it. -
Alaska-The crossing of the Bering Land Bridge
The first people to get to Alaska crossed the Bering land bridge that was formed when it was the ice age. The people were hunter gatherers or Paleo-Indians and followed the animals to Mesoamerica without knowing they did so. They crossed between 38000-10000 BC and at about 8000 BC the Ice age finished and climates rapidly grew warmer melting all the ice sinking the Bridge underwater leaving the Paleo-Indians stranded. Then they changed learned how to survive and developed more advance societies.
