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Missouri Compromise
-Was caused because they wanted to grant Missouri statehood, but did not want to unbalance the number of free and slave states.
-It resulted in everyone being happy because it allowed for more free states and slave states to be added. As well as Maine being added.
-Slavery was banned above the Missouri Compromise Line, and allowed below it in an attempt to please both the north and the south -
Monroe Doctrine
-An promise by the U.S. to European countries that they would respond strongly if they tried to expand into the western hemisphere in any way that was dangerous to out peace and safety
-caused by the U.S.'s fear of European countries further expanding into the Americas
-resulted in other presidents calling on it as justification for their actions with foreign affairs, and other countries in the Americas using it to help maintain their independence and stability. -
Trail of Tears
-The forced relocation of the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes from their homeland to Indian Territory by the United States government
-Caused by the Indian Removal Act of 1830- after the tribes refused to leave by the date given to them by the government, as well as pressures to take the native's farmland by settlers in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.
-Resulted in about 4 thousand Native American deaths
-It was ruled illegal by the courts, but still occurred -
Battle of the Alamo
-A war between General Santa Anna and the rebelling Mexican forces at the Alamo.
-Caused by the American immigrants wanting to continue slavery and immigration to Mexico even though it had become illegal, and the new leader General Santa Anna had abolished the Mexican constitution as well which caused anger so they rebelled.
-Resulted in Texas's declaration of independence being created, and provided inspiration for other battles and helped eventually lead to independence of Texas from Mexico -
Panic of 1837
-The banks did not have enough gold or silver to back up their money because the government withdrew theirs, so they could not give speculators big loans, but then they loaned more money out than they had so everyone tried to cash in.
-Caused by Jackson vetoing the law that allowed for the Bank of the United States to operate, as well as removing all of the government's money from it.
-Resulted in a mass panic in which people lost their life savings, businesses failed, and the economy collapsed. -
Pre-Emption Act
-Let squatters on government land buy up to 160 acres of the land for $1.25/acre before the claim jumpers bought it from under them
-Caused by squatters loosing their homes as people bought the land
-Resulted in squatters getting to keep their land, and live out their, as well as eventually the Homestead Act -
Sutter's Fort
-A fort created in California which sold needed supplies to pioneers
-Caused by Fort Ross being closed and the remains being given to John Augustus Sutter with a large land grant
-Resulted in him making money, and the pioneers coming to California getting needed supplies. -
Bear Flag Revolt
-A revolt in California by setters to free themselves from Mexico and become independent
-Caused by the desire for independence from Mexico and for California to eventually become a state of the U.S..
-Resulted in California gaining their independence from Mexico which did not truly matter though because America had defeated Mexico is war and then achieved the land anyways -
US-Mexican war
-War between the U.S. and Mexico because Mexico would not sell land to America
-Caused by John Slidell going to Mexico City to try an buy land, but they did not want to sell it, so Slidell said that they needed to be punished
-Resulted in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo(Feb. 2 1848) in which gave the U.S. more land than they were going to buy which made up the states AZ, CA, CO, NV, NM, UT, WY -
Fugitive Slave Law
-A law that allowed for slaves escaped to the North to be caught and returned back to their owners in the South
-Caused by the creation of the Compromise of 1850 because California wanted statehood
-Resulted in it being legally binding for escaped slaves in Northern free states to be caught and returned to the South, and the South being satisfied with the Compromise of 1850 -
Compromise of 1850
-A 5 law compromise made by Henry Clay to please both sides of the nation. Consisted of CA being a free state, slave trade being banned in Washington D.C., Utah and New Mexico got popular sovereignty, fugitive slave law, and Texas's debt was taken over.
-Caused by the desire of CA to get statehood
-Resulted in CA getting statehood, the fugitive slave law, slavery banned in Washington D.C., popular sovereignty in UT and NM, taking Texas's debt, and both sides being happy. -
Gadsden Purchase
-A treaty in which America payed Mexico $10 million for a about 29,670 square miles of land
-Caused by America's desire for that land to build a transcontinental railroad, and define a U.S.-Mexico border
-Resulted in the land for later day Arizona and New Mexico being acquired, set the U.S. and Mexico border -
Bleeding Kansas
-The violent fight over Kansas by settlers to make it a free state or slave state
-Caused because the Kansas-Nebraska Act granted popular sovereignty in those states so people wanted to get control over it to make it free or slave state
-Resulted in many deaths on both side, but the entering of Kansas as a free state -
Dred Scott Decision
-The decision that Dred Scott could not be free because the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional to begin with and he was not a citizen so he had no case
-Caused by Dred Scott going to court for his freedom because he lived in a free state with his owner
-The Missouri Compromise being declared as unconstitutional, and then so the repeal of other anti-slavery laws -
Harper's Ferry
-A raid at Harper's Ferry of the federal armory to acquire weapons for enslaved people to use to help free them, an attempt to start a slave revolt and end slavery
-Caused by the fight over Kansas being a free or slave state, and John Brown's abolitionist desires
-Resulted in John Brown being hung, and helped in starting the civil war -
South Carolina's secession
-Caused by fear that Lincoln would abolish slavery
-Resulted in other states seceding as well
-When South Carolina left the U.S.
-Helped to escalate the civil war happening -
Mississippi secession
-Mississippi joined South Carolina by removing themselves from the U.S.
-Caused by their desire to keep slavery
-Eventually resulted in the Confederate states -
Florida's Secession
-Florida left the Union because they were a slave state and Lincoln was against slavery
-Caused by the threat of slavery ending
-Resulted in the Confederacy having a source of beef, and them removing themselves from the union -
Alabama's secession
-Alabama seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy
-Caused by Alabama wanting to continue slavery
-Resulted in more Confederate states -
Georgia's secession
-Georgia seceded from the Union after a public vote in favor of it, and then even wrote their first constitution
-Caused by Georgia wanting to keep slavery
-Resulted in their secession and own constitution -
Louisiana's Secession
-Louisiana separated themselves from the Union and joined the Confederacy
-Caused by their desire to maintain slavery
-Resulted in them not being in the Union and becoming a Confederate state -
Texas's secession
-Texas seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy
-Caused by them wanting slavery, and majority of their state wanting to seceed
-Resulted in another Confederate state -
Civil War begins
-The beginning of the war between America and the Confederate States due to rising aggression over slavery, as well as the southern state's secession and the fight at Fort Sumpter
-Caused by the secession of the southern states after the election of Abraham Lincoln, and the refusal of American troops to leave Fort Sumpter
-Resulted in the U.S. and the Confederate states fighting for about 4 years, killing thousands of American soldiers. -
Virginia's secession
-Virginia left the Union and joined the Confederacy
-Caused by majority of the state's population voting in favor of secession because of Fort Sumter
-Resulted in Richmond becoming the Confederate's capital and troops moving into Virginia -
Arkansas's Secession
-Arkansas left the Union and joined the Confederates
-Caused by the call to put down the rebellion by Lincoln
-Resulted in the Confederates gaining more support and help in the war -
North Carolina's secession
-North Carolina left the Union and joined the Confederates to help them fight
-Caused by their desire to help fight for southern independence
-Resulted in the Confederates having more help, but afterwards ruin and defeat -
Tennessee's secession
-The last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy to fight the Union
-Caused by majority of the people wanting to seceded, and them wanting to keep slavery
-Resulted in the Confederacy gaining more help in the war -
Emancipation Proclamation
-A proclamation that freed all enslaved people in the rebelling Confederate states during the civil war
-Caused by Abraham's desire to free the slaves, as well as allow for the freed people to help the Union beat the Confederacy.
-Resulted in thousands of slaves being freed, and eventually the abolishment of slavery in the whole U.S. -
Gettysburg
-A Union won battle, that was one of the largest and most violent battles in North America, and thought to be the turning point in the war
-Caused by the Confederates invading the Union territory during the civil war
-Resulted in the Gettysburg Address, a new found hope and confidence for the Union, and over 50,000 deaths combined -
Gettysburg Address
-A speech given after the dedication of a Gettysburg cemetery in which Lincoln gave thanks to the soldiers who died for the Union in the fight for equality.
-Caused by the lives lost at the Battle of Gettysburg, and his need to pay tribute to them at the Solider's National Cemetery dedication.
-Resulted in one of the most remembered speeches today, and a promise to secure freedom for the enslaved Americans -
13th Amendment
-A new part of the constitution that banned slavery or forced work in any part of the U.S. or lands they rule over, unless it's a crime punishment
-Caused by the need for a constitutional amendment to guarantee the stopping of slavery in America
-Resulted in the abolishment of slavery in America, and a strong backing for the emancipation proclamation -
Civil War ends
-The end of an almost 4 year battle between the U.S and the Confederates
-Caused by the surrender to Ulysses S. Grant of Robert E. Lee's last major Confederate Army
-Resulted in reconstruction, the nation being reunified, and eventually the abolishment of slavery -
14th amendment
-Every person who is born or naturalized in the U.S. has full privileges of a citizen and the bill of rights, as well as full protection under the law that can not be taken away without due process, and laws inhibiting them from their rights can not be made.
-Caused by the need for freedmen to have rights to give full equality to people
-Resulted in citizenship for anyone born or naturalized in the U.S., which granted citizenship and citizen's rights to freedmen -
15th amendment
-The right to vote is not to be denied or prohibited to any citizen of the U.S. because of race, color, or previous servitude conditions
-Caused by Congress's desire to secure the rights of the freed African Americans
-Resulted in African Americans finally being able to vote, and in the future many other people/citizens