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1200 BCE
mesoamerica
mesoamerica is also known as middle america. It is a historical region that certain civilazations such as the Aztecs, Olmec, and Maya used to live in. They all practiced different traditions and served different gods.One thing they all had in common was human sacrifice. Very different cultures with similar traditions. -
700 BCE
The dark ages
The middle ages also known as the dark ages is a period that historians don't know much about, Most of the records hold for this period have not survived. In the middle ages the catholic church was very important at this time. The catholic church basically united all Europe together. The church did not have to pay taxes and it became a very powerful thing.Technology advanced now they had clocks, gunpowder and much experience in building. -
Period: 100 BCE to
Beginning Of Exploration
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1300
The Renaissance
The renaissance also known as the "rebirth" of Europe was a basically a bridge between the dark ages to some of the better off ages in Europe. People started showing interest in classical learning, ancient Greece and more. People started to notice the values and the great value of beauty and art. A great painter Leonardo da Vinci became very famous painter and is known as " The Renaissance man" His paintings till the day are very famous. -
1347
The Black Death
the black death was a deadly plague that hit Europe and Asia. The plague arrived when 12 ships that crossed the black sea hit in the post of messina. When the boats arrived dead and very ill people were found. This plague started spreading when rats that carried the deadly fleas came to villages and started biting people infecting them with the disease. People would get symptoms like very high fevers, chills, chest pain, aches, non stop vomit and at the end death. -
1492
Colombian Exchange
The Colombian exchange is a transfer of different cultures, plants, technology. This happened between the Old world and The new Americans. This time period took place after Christopher Colombus came to the Americas. Although it did share much positive actions some negative thing such as infections and diseases were spread. Smallpox were a very common disease. It was a virus that spread leaving people with fevers and permanent scars. -
1492
Caribbean Colonies
In 1492 Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean and claimed the region for Spain. After this the Spanish started settling in the Caribbean. -
1493
Treaty of tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas was an agreement between Spain & Portugal. It was written to solve a problem which was the discovering of Americas & Spain & Portugal both wanted land, so they fought over it. Which resulted with the power of the pope diving the new lands between the two. -
1517
Reformation
The protestant Reformation was a movement that impacted the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. There were many rulers who came out and wanted to extend their power. This event shifted the whole aspect of christian and for most people it seemed like the beginning to a modern era. Martin Luther was one of the first people to have a huge impact of the catholic church he rejected several practices and beliefs and basically changed the whole view of religion. -
1534
New france
New France is what the french colonies in North America were. Jacques Cartier was elected by Frances King to lead a voyage to the new world. His duty was to go looking for gold, other riches and a new route to Asia. In 1534 he claimed land and named it after King Francis 1. New France was mostly settled by men and it dealt with a lot of fur trade. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
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Slavery
The first African american slaves arrived at Jamestown, Virginia. They called them the "20 and odd blacks". They were brought by dutch traders. Slaves were treated very bad they would get physically abused and even worse if they worked in plantation fields. The middle passage also brought slaves into Virginia in 1619 since they were a part of the Atlantic Slave Trade. -
New England Colonies
The England colonies included Connecticut, Rhode island, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Pilgrims settles around these areas as well as the puritans they established a strict religious government. The climate of these areas and geography had a huge impact on the trade and economy. To maintain a living they would fish, whale, and ship built. -
navigation act
The navigation act was basically passed to tighten the governments control over trade between the colonies, England, and the rest of the world. This act was meant to increase shipping. -
Proprietary colonies
proprietary lands were grants such as; a license to rule, land for individuals, or land for a group. King Charles ll used this to repay political and economic dept. this is how much lands such as new York, new jersey, Pennsylvanian, were distributed. -
The enlightenment
the age of reason was simply an awakening that made people believe that humanity could improve. this movement introduced things like books, essays, inventions, laws, and revolutions. It started in the late 17 centuries between the glorious revolutions and the french revolution. Adam Smith impacted much to the economic ideas of the enlightenment. -
Issues
The English had many issues when it deal with the colonies. One major issue was The dominion of New England. This dealt with king James ll. He basically tried to tightened his control over the colonies and take over the right of people. Also, another big issue they dealt with was native Americans. They would come across native lands and natives began to attack settlers, kill their life stock, and burned their crops. -
Glorious Revolution
the glorious revolution also known as the bloodless revolution was all about the deposition of James ll and the access on of his wife Mary ll and her husband William ll. This event was based on king James daughter Mary ll taking over with her husband William ll and their different beliefs on religion, and political conflict. He was a very catholic person, so people with non catholic beliefs did not root for him. -
The Salem Witch Trials
The Salem witch trails occurred in colonial Massachusetts. Witchcraft rumors began when a group of girls in the Salem village, Massachusetts claimed they were possessed by the devil. They also accused woman of witchcraft, this went on until 1693 when they accused the governors wife with dealing with witchcraft. He immediately ordered the witch trials to end. -
Acts of union
This act was passed by English and Scottish parliaments. They both united and created the United Kingdom of Great Britain. After this act passed trade throughout great Britain and its dominions had to be free and equal. Also they both agreed since they were united it would be fair to take responsibility for England national dept. -
Period: to
Colonial America
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Triangular Trade
the triangular trade was a trade that passed around slaves, cash crops and other commercial goods. The trade happened between west Africa, Caribbean, and other american colonies. They were what they call three legs. The first leg was the trade to Europe to Africa they would exchange goods for slaves. the second leg was the transportation of slaves to the Americas. The last leg was america to Europe transporting raw materials and finished goods. -
the great awakening
the great awakening was based on a religious awakening. It was a period where religious revivals took over the american colonies that were by protestant minsters. George White field was a English evangelical minster who sparked the beginning of the great awakening. -
Seven Years War
The french and Indian war was a conflict between many countries such as Europe, Australia, Sweden, Russia and Britain. The war began when England declared war on France, since they both had allies they tried to fight the war as well and that is how every other country came to place. The Treaty of pairs came to place in 1763 when it ended things. It made France give up all its territory in North America. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary Era
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Boston Massacre
The Boston massacre began when British soldiers in Boston opened fire on a group of american colonist and ended up killing. They had already had problems in 1765 when there were protestants going against the British taxation. They were against the stamp act and that is when the slogan "No taxation without representation" came in place. -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was mainly about drunk angry american colonist that were mad at Britain for the "no taxation without representation" so they decided to dress as Indians and threw 342 chest of tea to the harbor. This was the first move to show Britain that they were not going to tolerate the no taxation without representation movement. -
militias
A militia is a army or a fighting group of people that are non-professional soldiers. In the revolutionary war mute men would have well prepared militias and they would get called up to do last minute ride around to tell locals what British movements where. -
olive branch petition
The olive branch petition was a a final and last chance for the colonist to avoid going to war with Britain during the revolution. This document was written by john Dickinson to king Jorge ll to take into consideration so they could find a way to avoid such a big event. -
The virtual representation
The virtual representation was a concept that led the conflict with the British government and the colonist. It basically meant that every lawmaker represented everybody in the country not only the people in a certain area. The colonist were upset because of the representative. They had elected a certain representative and they did not get him and for this reason they felt they had nobody to complain to. Although the British did think it was fair. -
The declaration of independence
The declaration independence is a very important document. It was formally declared on July 2nd 1776. John Adams believed this date should be the most memorable time period in the history of a america.This document is very important since it holds complaints of the colonist to the British king, arguments on why they wanted to be free, and the goals of the nation. -
Common sense
The common sense was a book that Thomas Paine wrote. He argues for independence from England and the creation of a democratic republic. He kept his name anonymous for 2 months till it was leaked. one of the things that this book accomplish was it inspired the colonies to go against the British. When writing the book, he decided to make it as simple as possible so that way everybody could read. -
Massachusetts constitution
The Massachusetts constitution was drafted by John Adams. It is served a model for the United States constitution. Although it was written in 1787 it became effective until 1789 -
Period: to
The constitution
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Articles of confederation
the articles of confederation was an agreement with all 13 colonies. the articles of confederation was basically their constitution. This suited goals for the Americans when they were fighting for freedom. This document was to favor states rights, it gave small and large states the same amount of power as the 13 original states. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
this treaty of paris pretty much ended the american revolutionary war that had been going on for about 8 years, it made the British see the independence of the united states, and the united states created boundaries. The treaty was signed by representatives of king George ll in Paris. -
Shays rebellion
in the shays rebellion Daniel shay led a group of protestants to ry to take over the court of common pleas Their goal was to prevent the trial and imprisonment of citizens with debt, The rebellion ended in 1787 when a militia defeated them. -
Constitutional convention
the constitutional convention was a gathering or meeting to re-write the constitution or revise the current one. The "Delegates" also known as the members of the convention were often elected by popular vote. James Madison was a big delegate he was the ended up representing Virginia and was the chief recorder of information. -
Northwest ordinnce
the northwest ordinance was a law that got passed to divide the states in the middle west. The law made it clear that new states coming in no matter how big or small were would be as equal as the 13 colonies. Although they were all the same the article of confederation made it clear that to have its own government its congress had to have 5000 free white men. If not the congress would be the states governor. -
Three Branches
The three branches; Legislative, executive, and judicial branch all had its own purpose to pass a law. The legislative branch is used to make laws. In that branch it has two houses the senate and the house of representatives. The executive branch enforced laws while the Judicial branch interpreted the law. -
The great Debate
The great debate was a debate within the federalist and the anti-federalist. They both argues about the constitution. The anti-Federalist opposed the constitution because they believed it would risk liberties and individual right they didn't want a strong government. The Federalist didn't want a weak government but they came to an agreement and decided to follow the Bill of Rights. -
Period: to
The new republic
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The second great awakening
The second great awakening was a movement that impacted many people. It addressed events such as injustices, the temperance movement, the suffrage movement and the abolitionist movement. Preachers like Charles Finney were very inspirational. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a tax protestant. People would reject to pay the taxes placed on alcoholic drinks. The whiskey tax was the primary tax imposed on a domestic product. The rebellion proved two points that the government was powerful enough and George Washington proved himself to wealthy white people. -
Bill of rights
During the bill of rights many such as the federalist believed that they did not need the bill of rights. They argued this because the states and people wanted to keep their power. The anti-federalist believed otherwise, they felt the bill of rights would keep a safe guard their individual liberty. -
Bank of the US
The bank of the United States was built in Philadelphia the current president Alexander Hamilton thought the bank as a way to handle their wars dept. The banks 20 year charted ended in 1811 when they did not renew it. The United States faced a lot of difficulty with no national bank they had a lot of problems borrowing money and paying. -
International conflicts
Jays treaty was an event that involved Britain. Ever since the treaty of Paris in 1783 the United States and Britain had left problems not resolved. The United States did not like how Britain would mess with their trade, and how they would attack natives. The treaty addressed several United States interest and granted Britain additional rights. -
Election of 1796
In this election John Adams went again Thomas Jefferson. Adams won and Jefferson became vise president. All federalist voted for Adams and republicans for Jefferson. They both had the people support they would make things such as posters, have rallies and would pass would handbills. -
Adams presidency
The xyz affair was an incident that occurred in 1797 between the France and the United States. In July 1797 John Adams sent a committee of three men to negotiate a peace treaty with France. The alien and seduction also came in place during Adams presidency. This meant that any foreigner could be deported. -
Period: to
The age of jefferson
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Madison Presidency
Madison Presidency began in 1809 and ended in 1817. While Madison was president he decided to put together the act of non-intercourse and this replaced of the embargo act that Jefferson had passed. -
war of 1812
the war of 1812 was a conflict between the united states and Britain. The president at the time was James Madison. For the war of 1812 united states and Britain fought over the interest in transportation, tariffs, and port development. This war ended when the Treaty of Ghent in December 24, 1814. -
Florida
The Florida purchase treaty also known as the Adam Onis Treaty was between the United states and Spain. It set limits on the Louisiana purchase and Spain surrendered their claims in the Northwest. -
The panic of 1819
The panic of 1819 was a financial crisis in the united states. it featured bank failures, unemployment, decline in agriculture and manufacturing, and houses and farms foreclosing. Every blamed the second bank of united states for the panic of 1819. -
Missouri crisis
the Missouri crisis was an event that balanced the power between the slave and free states. The congress based the bill granting Missouri a slave state. Although it was granted a slave state they agreed that on the 36th parallel line the border of Missouri would be free slave states. -
Monroe Doctorine
The Monroe doctorine was a very straight forward event. It made four basic points. It made the United States agree on not interfering with Europe’s power, the United States wouldn’t interfere with colonies dependencies in Western Hemisphere, the Western Hemisphere would never be colonized and any attempt that Europe made to control the Western Hemisphere the United States would take it as a threat. -
Election of 1824
In the Election of 1824 nobody was picked. It was welcomed for all, which allowed Andrew Jackson to get in. They only had four candidates, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford, & Henry clay, which competed along in the middle. Once they had votes in Jackson won popular votes, but Adams was chosen. -
the spoils system
the spoils system was introduced by Andrew Jackson after winning the 1828 election. This system was basically where the leader appoints people, due to how their relationship is. So basically, men would honestly buy their way into the office by getting along with Jackson. The Pendleton Act was the solution to the spoils system. -
Temperance Movement
The temperance movement was a social movement that a women started with the name of Carry Nation. She watched her husband die from the addiction and she got together with other women and would go around spreading awareness about alcohol. -
abolitionist
the abolitionist was a movement that people participated in to ens slavery. It hapenned between 1830 to 1870. Many people such as harnet tubman became known because of their dedication to the movement. This movement was mainly to end slavery and try to stop segregation against african americans. -
Slavery
The Nat turners rebellion was a rebellion with slaves in Virginia. Slaves killed up to 65 people while being led by Nat turner. Nat turner believed they had to spread terror through out the south to be heard. The rebellion was ended in a matter of days. -
Trail of tears
The Trail of Tears was an event where Native Americans/Cherokees were forced to leave. It was a result from the enforcement of the Treaty of Echota, which was an agreement signed under the provisions of the Indian Removal Act of 1830. On this event thousands of Native Americans died relocating to Indian Territory, due to harsh weather conditions, starvation & disease. -
Manifest Destiny
The manifest destiny was a period of belief in the western expansion. Many people believed that settlers were destined to expand across north america. The expansion had many benefits on the way. -
Wilmot proviso
The Wilmot proviso was the effect after the Mexican and american war. It made a american law that slavery was banned in the Mexican territory in the united states. -
popular sovereignty
The Popular Sovereignty was a doctrine in a political theory that the government made & exposed to will of the people. It proposed allowing states to choose their own path if slaves or free. Which the doctrine was first used by Lewis Class in 1847. -
Free soil Party
The Free-Soil Party was a political party formed by supporters of the Wilmot Proviso that had failed & members of the Whig party, liberty party, & anti-slavery Democrats. They opposed the extension of slavery, which began with the conflict between pro slavery & antislavery forces. They wanted to keep slavery where it already existed & they resented Southern influence in Democratic Party. Which the party wasn't so successful & were even less successful in the election of 1852 -
Seneca falls convention
the first woman convention dedicated to only woman. They discussed the social, religious and legal rights of woman. They demanded a right to vote. -
California Gold Rush
the gold rush began when James w Marshall found gold in California. When this was announced many people decided to move to California to find gold. After its peak in 1852 the gold became very rare to find. It would get thinner and thinner and methods such as miming had to come in place. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago
The Mexican American War was an official ended with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo, which was made by Winfield Scott. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to the United States territory, meaning it settled border dispute. It basically held over half of Mexico's territory. It resulted to have an effect and still to this day it is still in force between the United States & Mexico. -
Period: to
Sectionalism
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changes in transportation
Transportation during the industrial revolution was very important. They would have to find ways to transport raw materials and finished goods. The Industrial Revolution represented better roads, canals, steamboats, and railroads. -
Nautism
Nautism was led by the nautists. They would limit the rights of immigrants. They felt like they had to limit the influence of the "foreign born" The know nothing party got discovered during the 1850s that they would elect leaders and congressmen but not presidents. -
Changes In Agriculture
There were many changes in agriculture during the industrial revolution. Many machines were invented to help out in the fields and at home. The cotton gin was built in 1793 by Eli Whitney. this machine helped speed the process of taking out the seeds from cotton fiber. John Deere was also a very famous inventor . He invented the iron plow to help the process of getting through thick soil. -
Republican Party
the republican party came to opposition the democracy party also known as the "Know Nothing party". The republican party was created by ex Whigs, ex soldiers and abolitionist. -
Kansas-Nebraska-Act
The act of Kansas and Nebraska came into place when the Missouri compromise no longer existed. They split Missouri into two states Kansas and Nebraska. They both got to choose if they were going to become a free or slave state. This is where the Act came into play. This bill basically focused on sovereignty -
election of 1860
the election of 1860 was when the republican party held their first candidate Lincoln. Lincoln led the union into victory in the civil war and he ended slavery. The compromise of Crittenden was offered which was basically a way to avoid the war but Lincoln said no to the senate of Kentucky John Crittenden. -
Confederate of america
The collection of 11 states that stood out from the United States. The nation was never recognized as a sovereignty nation, after the civil war the confederate states ceased to exist. -
north
during the civil war a battle between the northern and southern states occured. The north also known as the union army fought to represent the union and to end slavery. Robert E Lee surrendered the last confederate army to Ulysses G Grant. Also known as the unions leader. -
South
During the civil war a battle between the northern and southern states occurred. The southern army took the war as a defensive war. They fought to protect the Souths society protected including the right to slaves. The Souths plan was to bring the north into their territory and exhaust them on a unfamiliar ground, -
Neutral States
The neutral states where states that landed on the border between the south and north states. Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri were states that had to remain a equal balance between the two. Most would maintain a good strong cultural relationship with the south and a stable economic relationship with the north. -
Period: to
Civil War
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The Draft Riot
The draft riot was a week of non-stop violence. In the state of Manhattan the working class were very mad because of laws passing, and the emancipation proclamation. The northerners hates the idea of slaves being free. -
Emancipation Of Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation of proclamation during the third year of the civil war. The proclamation stated that all people held as slaves must be free within the rebellion states. -
Lincolns assassination
Lincoln was assassinated on April 14 1865. An actor names John Willel booth entered the presidential box at the theater in Washington DC and shot the president Abraham Lincoln. He then jumped into stage, damaged his foot and ran out the back door. -
Andrew Jackson Administration
Jackson was a statesmen who became the seventh president during the year of 1829 and 1837. Andrew Jackson was a very judged president at the time. People would see him as violent and racist. He owned slaves and triggered the trail of tears. -
Freedom amendments
The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were very important during the abolishion of slavery. The 13th amendment would abolish slavery, the 14th amendment was known as reconstruction and the 15th would let any men vote. This amendments were very helpful to black men. Although they were there it does not mean whites supported. They created the KKK and decided to threaten black men and would try to stop them from working. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
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Life of whited during reconstruction
While the reconstruction was going on the south was seen as a money maker. People known as carpetbaggers were poor white people in the north that would move to the south after the civil war looking for ways to make money or get political opportunities. -
The election of 1868
The election of 1868 was the first election during the reconstruction era. Ulysses S Grant won the election and led the union army in the civil war to victory. -
Panic of 1873
The panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that sparked the depression in Europe and North America. The depression lasted two decades which is now known as the "long depression". This depression deeply weakened the countries economy. -
Election of 1876
This election decided who the 23rd president would be. It was also held during the 100th year anniversary of the declaration of independence. The compromise of 1877 was what settled this elected. Rutherford Hayes was given all the election votes. He also removed all federal troops from the south. -
Woman At Work
During the civil war there were many woman who couldn't stand the chance being away from their husbands so they would dress up as men, cut their hair short, and would go out and fight. Others had to take care of the husbands businesses, some became teachers, nurses and even doctors. A huge impact on woman was Clara Barton, she started the red cross. She was a self-taught nurse who be out in the battle field helping both sides.
